Bayesian Optimization of Catalysts With In-context Learning
Authors: Mayk Caldas Ramos, Shane S. Michtavy, Marc D. Porosoff, Andrew D. White
AI-generated Key Points
- The paper presents a novel approach to optimize catalysts and molecules using natural language processing (NLP) and large language models (LLMs).
- A prompting system is introduced that enables regression with uncertainty for in-context learning with frozen LLM models such as GPT-3, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4.
- The proposed method incorporates uncertainty which enables Bayesian optimization for catalyst or molecule optimization using NLP.
- This eliminates the need for training or simulation, making it a more efficient and cost-effective approach.
- In-context learning can improve past a model context window as data is gathered via example selection allowing the model to scale better.
- Although their method does not outperform all baselines, it requires zero training, feature selection and minimal computing while maintaining satisfactory performance.
- Gaussian Process Regression on text embeddings is found to be strong at Bayesian optimization.
- The code used in this study is available on their GitHub repository.
- Overall, this paper presents an innovative approach to optimize catalysts and molecules using NLP and LLMs without requiring extensive training or simulation. It has potential applications in various fields such as chemistry and materials science where optimizing catalysts is crucial for improving processes' efficiency and reducing costs.
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are able to do accurate classification with zero or only a few examples (in-context learning). We show a prompting system that enables regression with uncertainty for in-context learning with frozen LLM (GPT-3, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4) models, allowing predictions without features or architecture tuning. By incorporating uncertainty, our approach enables Bayesian optimization for catalyst or molecule optimization using natural language, eliminating the need for training or simulation. Here, we performed the optimization using the synthesis procedure of catalysts to predict properties. Working with natural language mitigates difficulty synthesizability since the literal synthesis procedure is the model's input. We showed that in-context learning could improve past a model context window (maximum number of tokens the model can process at once) as data is gathered via example selection, allowing the model to scale better. Although our method does not outperform all baselines, it requires zero training, feature selection, and minimal computing while maintaining satisfactory performance. We also find Gaussian Process Regression on text embeddings is strong at Bayesian optimization. The code is available in our GitHub repository: https://github.com/ur-whitelab/BO-LIFT
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