Companions of Hot Jupiters: two decades of radial velocity monitoring with CORALIE

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   The COBREX archival survey: improved constraints on the occurrence rate of wide-orbit substellar companions. I. A uniform re-analysis of 400 stars from the GPIES survey

   V. Squicciarini, J. Mazoyer, A. -M. Lagrange et al. · 2024 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · cited 6 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   Direct imaging (DI) campaigns are uniquely suited to probing the outer regions around young stars and looking for giant exoplanet and brown dwarf companions, hence providing key complementary information to radial velocity (RV) and transit searches for the purpose of demographic studies. However, the critical 5-20 au region, where most giant planets are thought to form, remains poorly explored, lying in-between RV and DI capabilities. Significant gains in detection performances can be attained at no instrumental cost by means of advanced post-processing techniques. In the context of the COBREX project, we have assembled the largest collection of archival DI observations to date in order to u…

2. Very close Not relevant

   In situ formation of hot Jupiters with companion super-Earths

   Sanson T. S. Poon, Richard P. Nelson, Gavin A. L. Coleman · 2021 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · cited 12 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   Observations have confirmed the existence of multiple-planet systems containing a hot Jupiter and smaller planetary companions. Examples include WASP-47, Kepler-730, and TOI-1130. We examine the plausibility of forming such systems in situ using $N$-body simulations that include a realistic treatment of collisions, an evolving protoplanetary disc and eccentricity/inclination damping of planetary embryos. Initial conditions are constructed using two different models for the core of the giant planet: a 'seed-model' and an 'equal-mass-model'. The former has a more massive protoplanet placed among multiple small embryos in a compact configuration. The latter consists only of equal-mass embryos. …

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   Combining Gaia and GRAVITY: Characterising Five New Directly Detected Substellar Companions

   T. O. Winterhalder, S. Lacour, A. Mérand et al. · 2024 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · cited 8 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   Precise mass constraints are vital for the characterisation of brown dwarfs and exoplanets. Here, we present how the combination of data obtained by Gaia and GRAVITY can help enlarge the sample of substellar companions with measured dynamical masses. We show how the Non-Single-Star (NSS) two-body orbit catalogue contained in Gaia DR3 can be used to inform high angular resolution follow-up observations with GRAVITY. Applying the method presented in this work for eight Gaia candidate systems, we detect all eight predicted companions, seven of which being previously unknown and five of substellar nature. Among the sample is Gaia DR3 2728129004119806464 B, which - detected at a angular separatio…

4. Close Not relevant

   The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). III. The demographics of young giant exoplanets below 300 au with SPHERE

   A. Vigan, C. Fontanive, M. Meyer et al. · 2020 · A&A 651, A72 (2021) · cited 142 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   The SHINE project is a 500-star survey performed with SPHERE on the VLT for the purpose of directly detecting new substellar companions and understanding their formation and early evolution. Here we present an initial statistical analysis for a subsample of 150 stars that are representative of the full SHINE sample. Our goal is to constrain the frequency of substellar companions with masses between 1 and 75 MJup and semimajor axes between 5 and 300 au. We adopt detection limits as a function of angular separation from the survey data for all stars converted into mass and projected orbital separation using the BEX-COND-hot evolutionary tracks and known distance to each system. Based on the re…

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   A new take on the low-mass brown dwarf companions on wide-orbits in Upper-Scorpius

   Simon Petrus, Mickaël Bonnefoy, Gaël Chauvin et al. · 2019 · A&A 633, A124 (2020) · cited 17 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   The Upper-Scorpius association (5-11 Myr) contains a unique population of low-mass (M<30 MJup) brown-dwarfs. The detailed relative characterization of their physical properties (mass, radius, temperature, composition, ongoing accretion) offers the opportunity to potentially explore their origin and their mechanisms of formation. We aim at characterizing the chemical and physical properties of three young, late-M brown-dwarfs claimed to be companions of the Upper-Scorpius stars USco161031.9-16191305, HIP77900, and HIP78530 using medium resolution spectroscopy at UV (R~3300), optical (R~5400), and near-infrared (R~4300) wavelengths. The spectra of six free-floating analogues from the same asso…

6. Close Not relevant

   Determining the true mass of radial-velocity exoplanets with Gaia: 9 planet candidates in the brown-dwarf/stellar regime and 27 confirmed planets

   Flavien Kiefer, Guillaume Hébrard, Alain Lecavelier et al. · 2020 · A&A 645, A7 (2021) · cited 17 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   Mass is one of the most important parameters for determining the true nature of an astronomical object. Yet, many published exoplanets lack a measurement of their true mass, in particular those detected thanks to radial velocity (RV) variations of their host star. For those, only the minimum mass, or $m\sin i$, is known, owing to the insensitivity of RVs to the inclination of the detected orbit compared to the plane-of-the-sky. The mass that is given in database is generally that of an assumed edge-on system ($\sim$90$^\circ$), but many other inclinations are possible, even extreme values closer to 0$^\circ$ (face-on). In such case, the mass of the published object could be strongly underest…

7. Close Not relevant

   Atmospheric Retrieval of L Dwarfs: Benchmarking Results and Characterizing the Young Planetary Mass Companion HD 106906 b in the Near-Infrared

   Arthur D. Adams, Michael R. Meyer, Alex R. Howe et al. · 2023 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · cited 9 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   We present model constraints on the atmospheric structure of HD 106906 b, a planetary-mass companion orbiting at a ~700 AU projected separation around a 15 Myr-old stellar binary, using the APOLLO retrieval code on spectral data spanning 1.1-2.5 $\mu$m. C/O ratios can provide evidence for companion formation pathways, as such pathways are ambiguous both at wide separations and at star-to-companion mass ratios in the overlap between the distributions of planets and brown dwarfs. We benchmark our code against an existing retrieval of the field L dwarf 2M2224-0158, returning a C/O ratio consistent with previous fits to the same JHKs data, but disagreeing in the thermal structure, cloud properti…

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   The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD~Leonis -- A test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity

   D. Kossakowski, M. Kürster, Th. Henning et al. · 2022 · A&A 666, A143 (2022) · cited 14 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   Context: A challenge with radial-velocity (RV) data is disentangling the origin of signals either due to a planetary companion or to stellar activity. In fact, the existence of a planetary companion has been proposed, as well as contested, around the relatively bright, nearby M3.0V star AD Leo at the same period as the stellar rotation of 2.23d. Aims: We further investigate the nature of this signal. We introduce new CARMENES optical and near-IR RV data and an analysis in combination with archival data taken by HIRES and HARPS, along with more recent data from HARPS-N, GIANO-B, and HPF. Also, we address the confusion concerning the binarity of AD Leo. Methods: We consider possible correlatio…