BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance
Authors: Shijie Wu, Ozan Irsoy, Steven Lu, Vadim Dabravolski, Mark Dredze, Sebastian Gehrmann, Prabhanjan Kambadur, David Rosenberg, Gideon Mann
AI-generated Key Points
- Financial technology heavily relies on natural language processing (NLP)
- Large Language Models (LLMs) have been effective in various applications
- No LLM specialized for the financial domain has been reported in literature
- A team of researchers present BloombergGPT: a 50 billion parameter language model trained on an extensive range of financial data
- The team constructed a massive dataset consisting of 363 billion tokens based on Bloomberg's vast data sources augmented with 345 billion tokens from general-purpose datasets
- This mixed dataset training led to a model that outperforms existing models on financial tasks by significant margins without sacrificing performance on general LLM benchmarks
- The team validated BloombergGPT using standard LLM benchmarks and open financial benchmarks as well as a suite of internal benchmarks designed to accurately reflect their intended usage
- The authors explain their modeling choices, training process, and evaluation methodology in detail
- They plan to release training logs (Chronicles) detailing their experience in training BloombergGPT.
Abstract: The use of NLP in the realm of financial technology is broad and complex, with applications ranging from sentiment analysis and named entity recognition to question answering. Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be effective on a variety of tasks; however, no LLM specialized for the financial domain has been reported in literature. In this work, we present BloombergGPT, a 50 billion parameter language model that is trained on a wide range of financial data. We construct a 363 billion token dataset based on Bloomberg's extensive data sources, perhaps the largest domain-specific dataset yet, augmented with 345 billion tokens from general purpose datasets. We validate BloombergGPT on standard LLM benchmarks, open financial benchmarks, and a suite of internal benchmarks that most accurately reflect our intended usage. Our mixed dataset training leads to a model that outperforms existing models on financial tasks by significant margins without sacrificing performance on general LLM benchmarks. Additionally, we explain our modeling choices, training process, and evaluation methodology. As a next step, we plan to release training logs (Chronicles) detailing our experience in training BloombergGPT.
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