Local Pitch Angles of Galactic Structures in Nearby Galaxies with JWST: I. Spiral Arms and Interarm Substructures in Disk-Dominated Systems

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   JWST Reveals a Surprisingly High Fraction of Galaxies Being Spiral-like at $0.5\leq z\leq4$

   Vicki Kuhn, Yicheng Guo, Alec Martin et al. · 2023 · Astrophysics of Galaxies · cited 32 times · Not summarized yet

   Abstract

   Spiral arms are one of the most important features used to classify the morphology of local galaxies. The cosmic epoch when spiral arms first appeared contains essential clues to their formation mechanisms as well as the overall galaxy evolution. In this letter, we used James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) images from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey to visually identify spiral galaxies with redshift $0.5\leq z\leq4$ and stellar mass $\geq10^{10}\; M_\odot$. Out of 873 galaxies, 216 were found to have a spiral structure. The spiral galaxies in our sample have higher star formation rates (SFRs) and larger sizes than non-spiral galaxies. We found the observed spiral fraction decr…

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   JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. V. Flux Ratio Reversal and Disk-edge Structure in the Flying Saucer

   Jie Ma, Karl R. Stapelfeldt, Marion Villenave et al. · 2026 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · AI summary available

   In short

   JWST reveals near-infrared brightness reversal and bright disk-edge linings in the Flying Saucer, consistent with inner-disk misalignment, forward scattering, and substantial dust growth.

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   The Structure and Morphology of Galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization Revealed by JWST

   Wen Sun, Luis C. Ho, Ming-Yang Zhuang et al. · 2023 · Astrophysics of Galaxies · cited 34 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   We analyze 347 galaxies at redshift $4<z<9.5$ using JWST observations from the CEERS program by fitting a two-dimensional parametric model simultaneously to the seven-filter NIRCam images to measure the overall structural parameters and quantify the global properties of the galaxies in the rest-frame optical band. Particular attention is devoted to deriving robust uncertainties that include, among other factors, the influence of cosmological surface brightness dimming and resolution effects. Using the global Sérsic index ($n < 1.5$) and observed axial ratio ($q < 0.6$) as a guide, we place a conservative lower limit of $\sim 45\%$ on the incidence of galactic disks. Galaxies follow a relatio…

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   Enhanced Sub-kpc Scale Star-formation: Results From A JWST Size Analysis of 339 Galaxies At 5<z<14

   Takahiro Morishita, Massimo Stiavelli, Ranga-Ram Chary et al. · 2023 · Astrophysics of Galaxies · cited 1 time · AI summary available

   Abstract

   We present a comprehensive search and analysis of high-redshift galaxies in a suite of nine public JWST extragalactic fields taken in Cycle 1, covering a total effective search area of $\sim358{\rm arcmin^2}$. Through conservative ($8\sigma$) photometric selection, we identify 339 galaxies at $5<z<14$, with 109 having spectroscopic redshift measurements from the literature, including recent JWST NIRSpec observations. Our regression analysis reveals that the rest-frame UV size-stellar mass relation follows $R_{\rm eff}\propto M_*^{0.20\pm0.03}$, similar to that of star-forming galaxies at $z\sim3$, but scaled down in size by $\sim0.7$dex. We find a much slower rate for the average size evolut…

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   JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. IV. Mid-infrared Dust Scattering in the HH 30 disk

   Ryo Tazaki, François Ménard, Gaspard Duchêne et al. · 2024 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · cited 12 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   We present near- and mid-infrared (IR) broadband imaging observations of the edge-on protoplanetary disk around HH 30 with the James Webb Space Telescope/Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). We combine these observations with archival optical/near-IR scattered light images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and a millimeter-wavelength dust continuum image obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) with the highest spatial resolution ever obtained for this target. Our multiwavelength images clearly reveal the vertical and radial segregation of micron-sized and sub-mm-sized grains in the disk. In the near- and mid-IR, the …

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   Exciting spiral arms in protoplanetary discs from flybys

   Jeremy L. Smallwood, Chao-Chin Yang, Zhaohuan Zhu et al. · 2023 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · cited 7 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   Spiral arms are observed in numerous protoplanetary discs. These spiral arms can be excited by companions, either on bound or unbound orbits. We simulate a scenario where an unbound perturber, i.e. a flyby, excites spiral arms during a periastron passage. We run three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a parabolic flyby encountering a gaseous protoplanetary disc. The perturber mass ranges from $10\, \rm M_J$ to $1\, \rm M_{\odot}$. The perturber excites a two-armed spiral structure, with a more prominent spiral feature for higher mass perturbers. The two arms evolve over time, eventually winding up, consistent with previous works. We focus on analysing the pattern speed and pitch angl…

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   CEERS Key Paper VII: JWST/MIRI Reveals a Faint Population of Galaxies at Cosmic Noon Unseen by Spitzer

   Allison Kirkpatrick, Guang Yang, Aurelien Le Bail et al. · 2023 · Astrophysics of Galaxies · cited 2 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   The Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) program observed the Extended Groth Strip with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2022. In this paper, we discuss the four MIRI pointings that observed with longer wavelength filters, including F770W, F1000W, F1280W, F1500W, F1800W, and F2100W. We compare the MIRI galaxies with the Spitzer/MIPS 24$\mu$m population in the EGS field. We find that MIRI can observe an order of magnitude deeper than MIPS in significantly shorter integration times, attributable to JWST's much larger aperture and MIRI's improved sensitivity. MIRI is exceptionally good at finding faint ($L_{\rm IR}<10^{10} L_\odot$) galaxi…

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   Investigating the amplitude and rotation of the phase spiral in the Milky Way outer disc

   S. Alinder, P. J. McMillan, T. Bensby · 2023 · Astrophysics of Galaxies · cited 7 times · AI summary available

   Abstract

   Context: With the data releases from the astrometric space mission Gaia, the exploration of the structure of the Milky Way has developed in unprecedented detail and unveiled many previously unknown structures in the Galactic disc and halo. One such feature is the phase spiral where the stars in the Galactic disc form a spiral density pattern in the $Z-V_Z$ plane. Aims: We aim to characterize the shape, rotation, amplitude, and metallicity of the phase spiral in the outer disc of the Milky Way. This will allow us to better understand which physical processes caused the phase spiral and can give further clues to the Milky Way's past and the events that contributed to its current state. Methods…