Thermodynamic crossovers in supercritical fluids

Xinyang Li; Yuliang Jin

doi:10.1073/pnas.2400313121

AI summary · arXiv: 2304.04244v1 · cond-mat.stat-mech

Thermodynamic crossovers in supercritical fluids

Xinyang Li, Yuliang Jin

Original paper · DOI 10.1073/pnas.2400313121 Submitted to arXiv on 09 Apr. 2023 Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (23 Apr. 2024) Accepted on 26 Mar. 2024 23 pages, 21 figures License: NONEXCLUSIVE-DISTRIB 1.0

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The study of phase transitions in supercritical fluids has been a topic of interest for many years
Recent experiments and simulations have reported strong evidence of dynamical crossovers above the critical temperature and pressure
Existing theoretical explanations generally consider a single crossover line separating liquid-like and gas-like states in the supercritical fluid phase
Xinyang Li and Yuliang Jin argue that such a single-line scenario is inconsistent with the supercritical behavior of the Ising model, which has two crossover lines due to its symmetry, violating the universality principle of critical phenomena
They define two thermodynamic crossover lines in supercritical fluids as boundaries of liquid-like, indistinguishable and gas-like states
Near the critical point, these two crossover lines follow critical scalings with exponents of the Ising universality class
This work provides a fundamental framework for understanding supercritical physics in general phase transitions
By defining two thermodynamic crossover lines instead of one, it allows for more accurate predictions about how materials will behave under certain conditions
This research could have important implications for industries such as energy production or chemical engineering where knowledge about how materials behave at high temperatures and pressures is crucial for optimizing processes.

Key points written by AI: they may contain errors, check them against the paper.

AI-generated keywords: Supercritical Fluids Phase Transitions Crossover Lines Ising Model Thermodynamic

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Original abstract

The study of phase transitions in supercritical fluids has been a topic of interest for many years. However, the question of whether liquid-like and gas-like states can be distinguished beyond the critical point, where the liquid-gas phase transition no longer exists and only a single supercritical fluid phase is defined, remains unanswered. Recent experiments and simulations have reported strong evidence of dynamical crossovers above the critical temperature and pressure. Despite using different criteria, existing theoretical explanations generally consider a single crossover line separating liquid-like and gas-like states in the supercritical fluid phase. In this paper, Xinyang Li and Yuliang Jin argue that such a single-line scenario is inconsistent with the supercritical behavior of the Ising model, which has two crossover lines due to its symmetry, violating the universality principle of critical phenomena. To reconcile this inconsistency, they define two thermodynamic crossover lines in supercritical fluids as boundaries of liquid-like, indistinguishable and gas-like states. Near the critical point, these two crossover lines follow critical scalings with exponents of the Ising universality class. The authors support their argument by conducting calculations on theoretical models and analyzing experimental data from standard databases. They find that the upper line agrees with crossovers independently estimated from inelastic X-ray scattering data of supercritical argon and small-angle neutron scattering data of supercritical carbon dioxide. The lower line is verified by the equation of states for compressibility factor. This work provides a fundamental framework for understanding supercritical physics in general phase transitions. By defining two thermodynamic crossover lines instead of one, it allows for more accurate predictions about how materials will behave under certain conditions. This research could have important implications for industries such as energy production or chemical engineering where knowledge about how materials behave at high temperatures and pressures is crucial for optimizing processes.

Understanding Phase Transitions in Supercritical Fluids

Phase transitions are a fascinating phenomenon that occur when materials change from one state to another. In the case of supercritical fluids, these transitions can be difficult to study due to the lack of a distinct liquid-gas phase transition beyond the critical point. Recent experiments and simulations have provided evidence of dynamical crossovers above this point, but existing theoretical explanations generally consider only a single crossover line separating liquid-like and gas-like states in the supercritical fluid phase.

In this paper, Xinyang Li and Yuliang Jin argue that such a single-line scenario is inconsistent with the behavior of the Ising model, which has two crossover lines due to its symmetry. To reconcile this inconsistency, they define two thermodynamic crossover lines in supercritical fluids as boundaries between liquid-like, indistinguishable and gas-like states. Near the critical point, these two crossover lines follow critical scalings with exponents of the Ising universality class.

Theoretical Models

To support their argument, Li and Jin conducted calculations on theoretical models and analyzed experimental data from standard databases. They found that their upper line agreed with crossovers independently estimated from inelastic X-ray scattering data of supercritical argon and small angle neutron scattering data of supercritical carbon dioxide. The lower line was verified by equations for compressibility factor.

Implications for Industry

This research could have important implications for industries such as energy production or chemical engineering where knowledge about how materials behave at high temperatures and pressures is crucial for optimizing processes. By defining two thermodynamic crossover lines instead of one, it allows for more accurate predictions about how materials will behave under certain conditions. This could help engineers design better systems that take into account different phases within a material’s structure during operation or storage conditions near or beyond its critical point.

Conclusion

Overall, this work provides an important framework for understanding supercritical physics in general phase transitions by introducing two thermodynamic crossover lines instead of one near the critical point following scaling laws consistent with those observed in other systems like Ising models. It also offers potential applications in industry where knowledge about how materials behave at extreme temperatures and pressures is essential for efficient operations or storage conditions near or beyond its critical point

Created on 11 Apr. 2023

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