Interstellar Objects and Exocomets

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   An Overview of Exocomets

   Daniela Iglesias, I. Rebollido, Azib Norazman et al. · 2025 · Space Science Reviews · cité 5 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   We give a general overview of what the scientific community refers to as “exocomets”. The general definition of exocomets, as presented in this work, is discussed and compared with Solar System comets and interstellar objects, addressing their detection around main-sequence stars as well as orbiting white dwarfs. We introduce the different types of exocomet observations, highlighting the difference between exocometary ‘bodies’ and exocometary ‘material’. We provide a census of all exocometary system candidates detected so far, both via spectroscopy and photometry, including detections around white dwarfs.

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   Observations of Exocomets

   Judith Korth, Azib Norazman, Raphäel Bendahan-West et al. · 2026 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Résumé IA disponible

   Résumé scientifique

   Active small bodies in extrasolar systems, the extrasolar analogues of Solar System comets, provide insights into the orbital evolution and physical processes shaping planetary systems. Since the discovery of exocomets around $β$ Pictoris, these small, icy bodies have shown the potential to become key probes for understanding planetary formation and migration. This review presents an overview of current observational techniques used to detect exocomets, focusing on individual systems and large-scale searches. We discuss photometric methods that identify exocomet transits through asymmetric light curves and spectroscopic techniques revealing cometary gases via time-variable absorption lines. …

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   Exocomets from a Solar System Perspective

   P. Strøm, D. Bodewits, M. Knight et al. · 2020 · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · cité 25 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Exocomets are small bodies releasing gas and dust which orbit stars other than the Sun. Their existence was first inferred from the detection of variable absorption features in stellar spectra in the late 1980s using spectroscopy. More recently, they have been detected through photometric transits from space, and through far-IR/mm gas emission within debris disks. As (exo)comets are considered to contain the most pristine material accessible in stellar systems, they hold the potential to give us information about early stage formation and evolution conditions of extra solar systems. In the solar system, comets carry the physical and chemical memory of the protoplanetary disk environment wher…

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   Capture of exocomets and the erosion of the Oort cloud due to stellar encounters in the Galaxy

   J. Hanse, L. J́ılková, S. P. Portegies Zwart et al. · 2017 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · cité 24 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   The Oort cloud (OC) probably formed more than 4$\,$Gyr ago and has been moving with the Sun in the Galaxy since, exposed to external influences, most prominently to the Galactic tide and passing field stars. Theories suggest that other stars might posses exocomets distributed similarly to our OC. We study the erosion of the OC and the possibility for capturing exocomets during the encounters with such field stars. We carry out simulations of flybys, where both stars are surrounded by a cloud of comets. We measure how many exocomets are transferred to the OC, how many OC's comets are lost, and how this depends on the other star's mass, velocity and impact parameter. Exocomets are transferred …

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   Interstellar Objects Follow the Collapse of Molecular Clouds

   S. Pfalzner, D. Paterson, M. Bannister et al. · 2021 · Astrophysical Journal · cité 6 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Interstellar objects (ISOs), the parent population of 1i/‘Oumuamua and 2i/Borisov, are abundant in the interstellar medium of the Milky Way. This means that the interstellar medium, including molecular-cloud regions, has three components: gas, dust, and ISOs. From observational constraints of the field density of ISOs drifting in the solar neighborhood, we infer that a typical molecular cloud of 10 pc diameter contains some 1018 ISOs. At typical sizes ranging from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers, ISOs are entirely decoupled from the gas dynamics in these molecular clouds. Here we address the question of whether ISOs can follow the collapse of molecular clouds. We perform low-resolut…

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   Capture of interstellar objects: a source of long-period comets

   T. Hands, W. Dehnen · 2019 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · cité 18 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   We simulate the passage through the Sun–Jupiter system of interstellar objects (ISOs) similar to 1I/‘Oumuamua or 2I/Borisov. Capture of such objects is rare and overwhelmingly from low incoming speeds on to orbits akin to those of known long-period comets. This suggests that some of these comets could be of extrasolar origin, in particular inactive ones. Assuming ISOs follow the local stellar velocity distribution, we infer a volume capture rate of $0.051\, \mathrm{au}^3\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. Current estimates for orbital lifetimes and space densities then imply steady-state captured populations of ∼102 comets and ∼105 ‘Oumuamua-like rocks, of which 0.033 per cent are within 6 au at any time.…

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   Interstellar Objects in the Solar System: 1. Isotropic Kinematics from the Gaia Early Data Release 3

   T. Eubanks, A. Hein, M. Lingam et al. · 2021 · cité 7 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   1I/'Oumuamua (or 1I) and 2I/Borisov (or 2I), the first InterStellar Objects (ISOs) discovered passing through the solar system, have opened up entirely new areas of exobody research. Finding additional ISOs and planning missions to intercept or rendezvous with these bodies will greatly benefit from knowledge of their likely orbits and arrival rates. Here, we use the local velocity distribution of stars from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 Catalogue of Nearby Stars and a standard gravitational focusing model to predict the velocity dependent flux of ISOs entering the solar system. With an 1I-type ISO number density of $\sim$0.1 AU$^{-3}$, we predict that a total of $\sim$6.9 such objects per ye…

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   Exocomets: A spectroscopic survey

   I. Rebollido, C. Eiroa, B. Montesinos et al. · 2020 · Astronomy & Astrophysics · cité 45 fois · Pas encore résumé

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   Context. While exoplanets are now routinely detected, the detection of small bodies in extrasolar systems remains challenging. Since the discovery of sporadic events, which are interpreted to be exocomets (falling evaporating bodies) around β Pic in the early 1980s, only ∼20 stars have been reported to host exocomet-like events. Aims. We aim to expand the sample of known exocomet-host stars, as well as to monitor the hot-gas environment around stars with previously known exocometary activity. Methods. We have obtained high-resolution optical spectra of a heterogeneous sample of 117 main-sequence stars in the spectral type range from B8 to G8. The data were collected in 14 observing campaigns…

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   Oumuamuas Passing through Molecular Clouds

   S. Pfalzner, M. Davies, Giorgi Kokaia et al. · 2020 · Astrophysical Journal · cité 5 fois · Pas encore résumé

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   The detections of 1I/‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov within just two years of each other impressively demonstrate that interstellar objects (ISOs) must be common in the Milky Way. Once released from their parent system, these ISOs travel for billions of years through interstellar space. While often imagined as empty, interstellar space contains gas and dust most prominent in the form of molecular clouds. Performing numerical simulations, we test how often ISOs cross such molecular clouds (MCs). We find that the ISOs pass through MCs amazingly often. In the solar neighborhood, ISOs typically spend 0.1%–0.2% of their journey inside MCs, for relatively slow ISOs (<5 km s−1) this can increase to 1%–2%,…

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   Ejection of rocky and icy material from binary star systems: implications for the origin and composition of 1I/‘Oumuamua

   A. Jackson, D. Tamayo, N. Hammond et al. · 2017 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · cité 39 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   In single star systems like our own Solar system, comets dominate the mass budget of bodies that are ejected into interstellar space, since they form further away and are less tightly bound. However 1I/`Oumuamua, the first interstellar object detected, appears asteroidal in its spectra and in its lack of detectable activity. We argue that the galactic budget of interstellar objects like 1I/`Oumuamua should be dominated by planetesimal material ejected during planet formation in circumbinary systems, rather than in single star systems or widely separated binaries. We further show that in circumbinary systems, rocky bodies should be ejected in comparable numbers to icy ones. This suggests that…

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   Probing Oort Clouds around Milky Way Stars with CMB Surveys

   E. Baxter, C. Blake, B. Jain · 2018 · Astronomical Journal · cité 17 fois · Pas encore résumé

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   Long-period comets observed in our solar system are believed to originate from the Oort cloud, which is estimated to extend from roughly a few thousand to 105 au from the Sun. Despite many theoretical arguments for the existence of the Oort cloud, no direct observations of outer Oort cloud objects have been reported. Here, we explore the possibility of measuring Oort clouds around other stars through their emission at submillimeter wavelengths. Observations with the 545 and 857 GHz bands of the Planck satellite are well matched to the expected temperatures of Oort cloud bodies (on the order of 10 K). By correlating the Planck maps with catalogs of stars observed by the Gaia mission, we are a…

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   An Observational Upper Limit on the Interstellar Number Density of Asteroids and Comets

   T. Engelhardt, R. Jedicke, P. Veres et al. · 2017 · The Astronomical Journal · cité 110 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   We derived 90% confidence limits (CLs) on the interstellar number density ( ) of interstellar objects (ISOs; comets and asteroids) as a function of the slope of their size–frequency distribution (SFD) and limiting absolute magnitude. To account for gravitational focusing, we first generated a quasi-realistic ISO population to from the Sun and propagated it forward in time to generate a steady state population of ISOs with heliocentric distance . We then simulated the detection of the synthetic ISOs using pointing data for each image and average detection efficiencies for each of three contemporary solar system surveys—Pan-STARRS1, the Mt. Lemmon Survey, and the Catalina Sky Survey. These sim…

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   A BRIEF VISIT FROM THE FIRST INTERSTELLAR ASTEROID REVEALS A RED EXTREMELY ELONGATED BODY

   K. Meech, R. Weryk, Marco Micheli et al. · 2017 · Nature · cité 380 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   None of the approximately 750,000 known asteroids and comets in the Solar System is thought to have originated outside it, despite models of the formation of planetary systems suggesting that orbital migration of giant planets ejects a large fraction of the original planetesimals into interstellar space. The high predicted number density of icy interstellar objects (2.4 × 10−4 per cubic astronomical unit) suggests that some should have been detected, yet hitherto none has been seen. Many decades of asteroid and comet characterization have yielded formation models that explain the mass distribution, chemical abundances and planetary configuration of the Solar System today, but there has been …

Les articles qui le citent

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   The Visibility of the Ōtautahi–Oxford Interstellar Object Population Model in LSST

   R. Dorsey, Matthew J. Hopkins, Michele T. Bannister et al. · 2025 · The Planetary Science Journal · cité 3 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   With a new probabilistic technique for sampling interstellar object (ISO) orbits with high efficiency, we assess the observability of ISOs under a realistic cadence for the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Using the Ōtautahi–Oxford population model, we show that there will be complex on-sky structure in the pattern of direction and velocity revealed by the detected ISO population, with the expected enhanced northern flux complicating efforts to derive population parameters from the LSST’s predominately southern footprint. For reasonable luminosity functions with slopes of 2.5 ≤ qs ≤ 4.0, the most discoverable ISOs have Hr ≃ 14.6−20.7. The slope of …

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   Chasing nomadic worlds: A new class of deep space missions

   M. Lingam, Andreas M. Hein, T. Eubanks · 2023 · Acta Astronautica · cité 3 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Nomadic worlds, i.e., objects not gravitationally bound to any star(s), are of great interest to planetary science and astrobiology. They have garnered attention recently due to constraints derived from microlensing surveys and the recent discovery of interstellar planetesimals. In this paper, we roughly estimate the prevalence of nomadic worlds with radii of $100\,\mathrm{km} \lesssim R \lesssim 10^4\,\mathrm{km}$. The cumulative number density $n_>\left(>R\right)$ appears to follow a heuristic power law given by $n_>\propto R^{-3}$. Therefore, smaller objects are probably much more numerous than larger rocky nomadic planets, and statistically more likely to have members relatively close to…