On the product selectivity in the electrochemical reductive cleavage of lignin model compounds

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   Résumé scientifique

   We propose a novel approach of wet electrospinning to yield fiber-reinforced polymer ceramic composites, where a reactive ceramic precursor gel is used as a collector. We illustrate our approach by generating polyethylene oxide (PEO) fibers in a potassium silicate gel; the gel is later activated using metakaolin to yield a ceramic-0.5 wt% PEO fiber composite. An increase of 29% and 22% is recorded for the fabricated polymer ceramic composites in terms of indentation modulus and indentation hardness respectively. Our initial findings demonstrate the process viability and might lead to a potentially scalable manufacturing approach for fiber-reinforced polymer ceramic composites.

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   Résumé scientifique

   A combinative approach for chemical analysis makes it possible to distinguish a mixture of a large number of compounds from other mixtures in a single step. This work demonstrates a combinative analysis approach by using surface nanodroplets for integrating nanoextraction and colorimetric reactions for the identification of multi-component mixtures. The model analytes are acidic compounds dissolved in oil that are extracted into aqueous droplets on a solid substrate. The proton from acid dissociation reacts with the halochromic chemical compounds inside the droplets, leading to the color change of the droplets. The rate of the colorimetric reaction exhibits certain specificity for the acid t…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Rheodielectric spectroscopy is employed, for the first time, to investigate the effect of external shear on the Debyelike relaxation of a model monohydroxy alcohol, i.e., the 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H). Shear deformation leads to strong acceleration in the structural relaxation, the Debye relaxation, and the terminal relaxation of 2E1H. Moreover, the shear-induced reduction in structural relaxation time, tau_alpha, scales quadratically with that of Debye time, tau_D, and the terminal flow time, tau_f, suggesting a relationship of tau_D*tau_D~tau_alpha. Further analyses reveal tau_D*tau_D/tau_alpha of 2E1H follows Arrhenius temperature dependence that applies remarkably well to many other monoh…

4. Apparenté Pas pertinent

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   Résumé scientifique

   Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bioderived nanoparticles that can be isolated from various sources of natural cellulose via acid hydrolysis. However, the link between particle morphological characteristics and their ensemble behavior is poorly understood, partly because of the difficulties in controlling the CNC morphology during their extraction process. In this work, the impacts of common post-hydrolysis treatments on the CNC morphology are investigated. The results indicate that the centrifugation step commonly applied during CNC purification favors the formation of composite particles made of aligned crystallites, referred to as 'bundles'. Scanning nanobeam electron diffraction reveals…

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   Résumé scientifique

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6. Apparenté Pas pertinent

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   Résumé scientifique

   Solvents comprise two thirds of all industrial emissions. Traditional organic solvents easily reach the atmosphere as they have high vapor pressure and are linked to a host of negative environmental effects including climate change, urban air-quality and human illness. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL), on the other hand, have low vapor pressure and are not flammable or explosive, thereby resulting in fewer environmental burdens and health hazards. However, their life cycle environmental impacts as well as freshwater ecotoxicity implications are poorly understood. RTILs are molten salts that exist as liquids at relatively low temperatures and have unique properties. Ionic liquids consist…

7. Apparenté Pas pertinent

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   Résumé scientifique

   In this paper is calculated and analyzed the dielectric behavior of carbon dioxide - methanol mixture and evaluate how the correct reproduction of the electrical properties of this molecules influences in the mixture of these two substances. A comparison of two carbon dioxide models and three methanol models is made, where the CO2/$ε$ model reproduces and improves the dielectric constant and for the methanol the TraPPE 2015 and MeOH-4P models improve the dielectric constant $ε$, the surface tension γ , and the liquid density \r{ho} of the pure liquid at T=298.15 K and p=1 bar.

8. Apparenté Pas pertinent

   Dielectric study on mixtures of ionic liquids

   E. Thoms, P. Sippel, D. Reuter et al. · 2017 · Scientific Reports 7, 7463 (2017) · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Ionic liquids are promising candidates for electrolytes in energy-storage systems. We demonstrate that mixing two ionic liquids allows to precisely tune their physical properties, like the dc conductivity. Moreover, these mixtures enable the gradual modification of the fragility parameter, which is believed to be a measure of the complexity of the energy landscape in supercooled liquids. The physical origin of this index is still under debate; therefore, mixing ionic liquids can provide further insights. From the chemical point of view, tuning ionic liquids via mixing is an easy and thus an economic way. For this study, we performed detailed investigations by broadband dielectric spectroscop…