The close papers a draft on “Antibiotic Exposure and Anti-PD-1 Outcomes in Advanced Melanoma” does not cite

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30 close papers the draft does not cite, 18 that a referee would expect.

• Where to cite each one, section by section
• How to position your work against each one
• What each one is to your draft: same question, competing method, earlier result, data...
• 268 papers screened in journals and preprints

The first results

1. Association of antibiotic treatment with survival outcomes in treatment-naïve melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade Eleftheria Chorti, Bernd Kowall, Jessica C. Hassel, Bastian Schilling, Michael Sachse et al. · 2024 This multicentre melanoma cohort directly addresses antibiotic exposure around anti-PD-1 initiation and survival. Its finding that pretreatment, but not on-treatment, antibiotics were associated with worse outcomes makes exposure timing and immortal time bias particularly relevant to the draft.
2. Association of Antibiotic Exposure With Survival and Toxicity in Patients With Melanoma Receiving Immunotherapy Jahan J. Mohiuddin, Brian K Chu, Andrea Facciabene, Kendra Poirier, Xingmei Wang et al. · 2020 This melanoma cohort found an adjusted association between antibiotics before immunotherapy and worse overall survival, supporting the draft's principal survival finding. It included stage III disease and evaluated colitis as well as survival.
3. The Association Between Antibiotic Use and Outcome Among Metastatic Melanoma Patients Receiving Immunotherapy F. Poizeau, Sandrine Kerbrat, Frédéric Balusson, Pierre Tattevin, Matthieu Revest et al. · 2022 This large advanced-melanoma cohort found no association between pretreatment antibiotics and overall survival after propensity-score overlap weighting, contrasting with the draft. Its targeted-therapy control cohort also addresses whether associations might reflect confounding rather than an immunotherapy-specific effect.
4. Antibiotics are associated with decreased progression-free survival of advanced melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors Arielle Elkrief, Layal El Raichani, Corentin Richard, Meriem Messaoudene, Wiam Belkaïd et al. · 2019 This smaller advanced-melanoma study directly examined antibiotic exposure near checkpoint-inhibitor initiation, response, and survival. It reported poorer response and progression-free survival, but the overall-survival difference was not statistically significant.
5. Use of antibiotics is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis Maria Tsikala-Vafea, Neel Belani, Kendra Vieira, Hina Khan, Dimitrios Farmakiotis · 2021 This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes observational evidence linking antibiotics with poorer checkpoint-inhibitor response and survival, including melanoma studies. Its substantial heterogeneity is relevant to interpreting the draft's association without assuming causality.
6. Multivariable Analysis of 169 Cases of Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma to Evaluate Antibiotic Exposure as Predictor of Survival to Anti-PD-1 Based Immunotherapies Umang Swami, Adithya Chennamadhavuni, Nicholas C. Borcherding, Aaron Bossler, Sarah L. Mott et al. · 2020 This advanced cutaneous melanoma cohort evaluated antibiotics as a predictor of outcomes with anti-PD-1-based therapy. Its multivariable finding of no survival association directly contrasts with the draft's adjusted overall-survival result.
7. The commensal microbiome is associated with anti–PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients Vyara Z. Matson, Jessica L. Fessler, Riyue Bao, Tara Chongsuwat, Yuanyuan Zha et al. · 2018 This paper supplies directly relevant biological motivation by relating the gut microbiome to anti-PD-1 response in metastatic melanoma. It supports the microbiome-response premise rather than directly establishing the clinical consequences of antibiotic exposure in melanoma.
8. Antibiotic Treatment is an Independent Poor Risk Factor in NSCLC But Not in Melanoma Patients Who had Received Anti-PD-1/L1 Monotherapy Hannes Vihinen, Artturi Jokinen, Teemu D. Laajala, Nesna Wahid, Lotta Peltola et al. · 2023 This multicentre study included a directly relevant melanoma cohort receiving anti-PD-1/L1 monotherapy and antibiotics before or shortly after initiation. Its melanoma survival association did not remain independent in multivariable analysis, contrasting with the draft.
9. Impact of antibiotics on survival outcomes and risk of gastritis/colitis in patients with advanced-stage melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. Shannon Bailey, Thomas C. Havighurst, Vincent Pozorski, Yusuf Mohamoud, Dahlia H. Tesfamichael et al. · 2023 This conference abstract describes a closely related retrospective advanced-melanoma cohort examining antibiotic timing and spectrum during anti-PD-1-based treatment. The supplied abstract reports methods but not results, so it cannot establish whether its findings agree with the draft.
10. Cumulative Antibiotic Use Significantly Decreases Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced Cancer Nadina Tinsley, Cong Zhou, Grace Tan, Samuel Rack, Paul C. Lorigan et al. · 2019 This retrospective study links peri-treatment antibiotics to poorer checkpoint inhibitor outcomes and includes a substantial melanoma subgroup. Its assessment of cumulative exposure provides important context for the draft's binary exposure classification.

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