A real example: what you get
30 papers in 5 themes · “Gut Microbiome and Checkpoint Inhibitor Response”.
- A synthesis, each sentence with its papers
- 5 themes with their findings
- 2 points of consensus
- 3 open questions
- Each statement with the quoted sentence of its paper
The synthesis
The papers support a relationship between gut microbiome composition and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but human evidence is predominantly observational and does not establish a universally causal or clinically predictive microbial signature.
A point of consensus, with its source
The microbiome–response association is credible, but a simple universal species-based biomarker is not supported by the cross-cohort evidence.
An open question
Whether greater microbial diversity is independently beneficial remains unresolved; positive cohort findings should not be generalized into a universal rule.
The first results
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Gut microbiome modulates efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Ming Yi, Shengnan Yu, Shuang Qin, Qian Liu et al. · 2018
Reviews evidence and mechanisms connecting gut microbiome composition with checkpoint inhibitor efficacy.
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Microbiota and cancer immunotherapy: in search of microbial signals
Raad Z. Gharaibeh, Christian Jobin · 2018
Discusses microbial features and therapeutic approaches relevant to cancer immunotherapy.
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The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy
Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, Beth Ann Helmink, Christine N. Spencer, Alexandre Reuben et al. · 2018
Provides broad context on microbiome effects on cancer immunity and treatment response.
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The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies
Laurence Zitvogel, Yuting Ma, Didier Raoult, Guido Kroemer et al. · 2018
Discusses microbiome diagnostics and interventions, including evidence that antibiotics can impair checkpoint immunotherapy.
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Gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy
Weina Li, Yu Deng, Qian Chu, Peng Zhang · 2019
Discusses evidence that the gut microbiome affects cancer immunotherapy efficacy, especially checkpoint inhibitors.
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The Diversity of Gut Microbiome is Associated With Favorable Responses to Anti–Programmed Death 1 Immunotherapy in Chinese Patients With NSCLC
Yueping Jin, Hui Dong, Liliang Xia, Yi Yang et al. · 2019
Tests associations between gut microbiome diversity and anti-PD-1 outcomes in Chinese NSCLC patients.
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The gut microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical and clinical strategies
Jun Gong, Alex Chehrazi‐Raffle, Veronica Placencio-Hickok, Michelle Guan et al. · 2019
Reviews evidence linking gut microbiome composition with checkpoint inhibitor efficacy and discusses unresolved issues.
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The role of the gut microbiome on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in Japanese responder patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Yuki Katayama, Tadaaki Yamada, Takayuki Shimamoto, Masahiro Iwasaku et al. · 2019
Associates gut bacterial profiles with ICI response in Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Gut Microbiome With Clinical Response to Treatment With Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients With Solid Cancer Tumors
Motoo Nomura, Ryosuke Nagatomo, Keitaro Doi, Juko Shimizu et al. · 2020
Measures fecal and plasma short-chain fatty acids in patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors.
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Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy
Lin Shui, Xi Yang, Jian Li, Yi Cheng et al. · 2020
Examines how gut microbiota may influence resistance to checkpoint-targeted cancer immunotherapy.
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