Dwarfs of Fire and Ice: UV-Irradiation-Driven Thermal Inversion, Disequilibrium Chemistry, and a Cloud-Free Atmosphere in a Strongly Irradiated Brown Dwarf Probed by JWST/NIRSpec Phase-Resolved Spectroscopy

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1. Close Another approach to the problem Not relevant

   Atmospheric Retrieval of L Dwarfs: Benchmarking Results and Characterizing the Young Planetary Mass Companion HD 106906 b in the Near-Infrared

   Arthur D. Adams, Michael R. Meyer, Alex R. Howe et al. · 2023 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · cited 9 times · AI summary available

   Atmospheric Retrieval of L Dwarfs uses near-infrared spectra and APOLLO retrievals to constrain HD 106906 b’s atmospheric structure, rather than phase-resolved spectra of an irradiated brown dwarf.

   Abstract

   We present model constraints on the atmospheric structure of HD 106906 b, a planetary-mass companion orbiting at a ~700 AU projected separation around a 15 Myr-old stellar binary, using the APOLLO retrieval code on spectral data spanning 1.1-2.5 $\mu$m. C/O ratios can provide evidence for companion formation pathways, as such pathways are ambiguous both at wide separations and at star-to-companion mass ratios in the overlap between the distributions of planets and brown dwarfs. We benchmark our code against an existing retrieval of the field L dwarf 2M2224-0158, returning a C/O ratio consistent with previous fits to the same JHKs data, but disagreeing in the thermal structure, cloud properti…

2. Close Same question Not relevant

   Tracing the Top-of-the-atmosphere and Vertical Cloud Structure of a fast-rotating late T-dwarf

   Elena Manjavacas, Theodora Karalidi, Xianyu Tan et al. · 2022 · Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · cited 1 time · AI summary available

   Tracing the Top-of-the-atmosphere monitors a rapidly rotating late-T brown dwarf’s spectrophotometric variability to constrain its atmospheric cloud structure.

   Abstract

   Only a handful of late-T brown dwarfs have been monitored for spectro-photometric variability, leaving incomplete the study of the atmospheric cloud structures of the coldest brown dwarfs, that share temperatures with some cold, directly-imaged exoplanets. 2MASSJ00501994-332240 is a T7.0 rapidly rotating, field brown dwarf that showed low-level photometric variability in data obtained with the Spitzer Space telescope. We monitored 2MASSJ00501994-332240 during ~2.6 hr with MOSFIRE, installed at the Keck I telescope, with the aim of constraining its near-infrared spectro-photometric variability. We measured fluctuations with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 1.48+\-0.75% in the J-band photometric li…

3. Close Broader context Not relevant

   Disk or Companion: Characterizing Excess Infrared Flux in Seven White Dwarf Systems with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

   Dylan Owens, Siyi Xu, Elena Manjavacas et al. · 2023 · Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · cited 5 times · AI summary available

   Disk or Companion uses near-infrared spectroscopy to distinguish dusty disks from cool companions around white dwarfs, including newly identified white dwarf–brown dwarf pairs.

   Abstract

   Excess infrared flux from white dwarf stars is likely to arise from a dusty debris disk or a cool companion. In this work, we present near-infrared spectroscopic observations with Keck/MOSFIRE, Gemini/GNIRS, and Gemini/Flamingos-2 of seven white dwarfs with infrared excesses identified in previous studies. We confirmed the presence of dust disks around four white dwarfs (Gaia J0611-6931, Gaia J0006+2858, Gaia J2100+2122, and WD 0145+234) as well as two new white dwarf brown dwarf pairs (Gaia J0052+4505 and Gaia J0603+4518). In three of the dust disk systems, we detected for the first time near-infrared metal emissions (Mg I, Fe I, and Si I) from a gaseous component of the disk. We developed …

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   PDRs4All III: JWST's NIR spectroscopic view of the Orion Bar

   Els Peeters, Emilie Habart, Olivier Berne et al. · 2023 · A&A 685, A74 (2024) · cited 57 times · Not summarized yet

   PDRs4All III uses JWST/NIRSpec to study how radiation from massive stars shapes gas and molecular transitions in the Orion Bar.

   Abstract

   (Abridged) We investigate the impact of radiative feedback from massive stars on their natal cloud and focus on the transition from the HII region to the atomic PDR (crossing the ionisation front (IF)), and the subsequent transition to the molecular PDR (crossing the dissociation front (DF)). We use high-resolution near-IR integral field spectroscopic data from NIRSpec on JWST to observe the Orion Bar PDR as part of the PDRs4All JWST Early Release Science Program. The NIRSpec data reveal a forest of lines including, but not limited to, HeI, HI, and CI recombination lines, ionic lines, OI and NI fluorescence lines, Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs including aromatic CH, aliphatic CH, and their C…

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   The cold substellar frontier in JWST Extragalactic surveys: a robust parallax measurement yields the most distant known ultra-cold Y dwarf

   Feng-Yuan Frey Liu, Derek J. McLeod, Xueqing Chen et al. · 2026 · Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · AI summary available

   The cold substellar frontier measures the distance and motion of an ultra-cold Y dwarf with JWST imaging, rather than studying irradiation-driven atmospheric physics.

   In short

   JWST astrometry yields a robust 64 pc parallax distance for JADES-GS-BD-5, identifying it as an exceptionally cold, likely planetary-mass Y dwarf.

6. Close Same question Not relevant

   A transiting brown dwarf in a 2 hour orbit

   Kareem El-Badry, Kevin B. Burdge, Jan van Roestel et al. · 2023 · Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · cited 19 times · AI summary available

   A transiting brown dwarf in a 2 hour orbit uses phase-resolved observations to characterize a short-period brown dwarf, but focuses on its bulk properties and eclipse.

   Abstract

   We report the discovery of ZTF J2020+5033, a high-mass brown dwarf (BD) transiting a low-mass star with an orbital period of 1.90 hours. Phase-resolved spectroscopy, optical and infrared light curves, and precise astrometry from Gaia allow us to constrain the masses, radii, and temperatures of both components with few-percent precision. We infer a BD mass of $M_{\rm BD} = 80.1\pm 1.6\,M_{\rm J}$, almost exactly at the stellar/substellar boundary, and a moderately inflated radius, $R_{\rm BD} = 1.05\pm 0.02\,R_{\rm J}$. The transiting object's temperature, $T_{\rm eff}\approx 1700\,\rm K$, is well-constrained by the depth of the infrared secondary eclipse and strongly suggests it is a BD. The…

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   A Model to Map Brown Dwarf Companions to White Dwarfs in Partial Secondary Eclipse

   Arthur D. Adams, Yifan Zhou, Daniel Apai et al. · 2026 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · AI summary available

   A Model to Map Brown Dwarf Companions adapts eclipse mapping to recover spatial emission from brown dwarfs orbiting white dwarfs, rather than retrieving atmospheric structure and chemistry.

   In short

   Partial-eclipse mapping detects latitudinal brightness structure on WD 1202 B, but its recovered hotspot differs from circulation predictions, whose jet signature requires roughly threefold higher signal-to-noise.

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   Beyond the Fast Rotators: A JWST Multi-Cycle Treasury Survey of Substellar Weather

   Natalia Oliveros-Gomez, Elena Manjavacas, Niall Whiteford et al. · 2026 · Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · AI summary available

   Beyond the Fast Rotators surveys the case for a JWST program spanning substellar variability across rotation periods and spectral types.

   In short

   The paper proposes a roughly 1,500-hour JWST survey to systematically study how rotation, viewing geometry, and atmospheric evolution shape brown dwarf and giant-exoplanet weather.