Dwarfs of Fire and Ice: UV-Irradiation-Driven Thermal Inversion, Disequilibrium Chemistry, and a Cloud-Free Atmosphere in a Strongly Irradiated Brown Dwarf Probed by JWST/NIRSpec Phase-Resolved Spectroscopy
Auteurs : Lael Shin, Daniel Apai, Yifan Zhou, Joshua D. Lothringer, Daphne Broski-Laing, Sarah L. Casewell, Siyi Xu, Ben W. P. Lew, Xianyu Tan, Jenni R. French, Vivien Parmentier, Mark S. Marley, L. C. Mayorga
Résumé scientifique
We present time-resolved JWST/NIRSpec PRISM spectrophotometry of the white dwarf (WD)-brown dwarf (BD) binary SDSS J141126.20+200911.1 (SDSS1411). Close WD-BD binaries provide powerful laboratories for studying the effects of stellar irradiation on substellar atmospheres because of their high companion-to-host flux ratios, short orbital periods, and intense UV irradiation from the WD. We measure strong wavelength-dependent variability, with day-night relative flux variations reaching ~280%. The SDSS1411B phase curves are well described by a second-order Fourier model, and correlations among the Fourier amplitudes suggest larger flux and temperature variations in the upper atmosphere. Non-irradiated forward models under chemical equilibrium do not reproduce the observed phase-resolved SDSS1411B spectra, indicating substantial departures from isolated-BD atmospheric structures. In contrast, atmospheric retrievals successfully reproduce both the dayside and nightside spectra. The retrievals reveal a prominent dayside temperature inversion, favor cloud-free atmospheres, and provide evidence for CO2 disequilibrium chemistry. An energy-budget analysis indicates low day-to-night heat redistribution efficiency and constrains the BD cooling age to ~3 Gyr, while the inferred BD radius is significantly more compact than predicted by BD evolutionary models. These results reveal the rich atmospheric dynamics and disequilibrium chemistry of a UV-irradiated BD and demonstrate the power of full-orbit JWST phase-resolved spectroscopy for constraining the atmospheric physics of strongly irradiated substellar objects.
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