Observational constraints on CO sequestration and disk mass in the planet-hosting PDS 70 disk
Auteurs : M. Leemker, S. Facchini, F. Zagaria, K. Doi, J. Bae, M. Benisty, H. B. Liu, C. Longarini, V. Pezzotta, L. Rampinelli, L. M. Stapper, R. Teague
Résumé scientifique
Exoplanets accrete gas, dust, and ice from their natal environment, setting the chemical composition of their atmospheres and interiors. The abundance of the major volatiles in disks can be used to possibly link exoplanet atmospheres to their formation location in the disk. In this work, we aim to quantify the peak CO abundance and disk mass of the PDS 70 disk, the first disk with a direct confirmation of two accreting planets in its dust cavity. We present the first detection of N$_2$H$^+$ and C$^{17}$O in this disk. The C$^{17}$O emission shows marginal statistical evidence for an azimuthal asymmetry trailing that previously seen in the continuum emission. We then compare the disk integrated fluxes of N$_2$H$^+$, CO isotopologues, and the continuum to an existing grid of thermochemical models. We find that the derived disk mass drops by a factor of $\sim 3.4$ from $0.039^{+0.067}_{-0.018}$ M$_{\odot}$ to $0.011^{+0.011}_{-0.006}$ M$_{\odot}$ if the C$^{17}$O line flux is included in the fitting procedure; the quoted intervals do not include systematic uncertainties. CO on the other hand is sequestered with an effective abundance of $(4.8^{+4.3}_{-2.7} - 17^{+8}_{-8}) \times 10^{-6}$ relative to H$_2$ in the probed disk layers after accounting for CO freeze-out and isotope selective CO photodissociation for the adopted chemical network and ionization prescription. The range in peak CO abundances reflects the uncertainty in the N$_2$H$^+$ emission, assuming either optically thin emission at 21 K or optically thick emission. Therefore, the PDS 70 planets are possibly accreting the final portion of their atmospheres from the outer disk molecular layer where CO is sequestered. Thus, CO sequestering may need to be considered when interpreting the chemical composition of planetary atmospheres.
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Résumé scientifique
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Résumé scientifique
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Résumé scientifique
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Mis à jour le 13 novembre 2026.