Evaluating Maternity Leave Reforms When RD Fails

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1. Apparenté Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Workplace Breastfeeding Legislation and Labor Market Outcomes

   Julia Hatamyar · 2022 · General Economics · Pas encore résumé

   Workplace Breastfeeding Legislation and Labor Market Outcomes étudie l’effet de règles d’aménagement pour l’allaitement sur la participation professionnelle des femmes.

   Résumé scientifique

   This paper studies the effects of legislation mandating workplace breastfeeding amenities on various labor market outcomes. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I implement both a traditional fixed-effects event study framework and the Interaction-Weighted event study technique proposed by Sun & Abraham (2020). I find that workplace breastfeeding legislation increases the likelihood of female labor force participation by 4.2 percentage points in the two years directly following implementation. Female labor force participation remains higher than before implementation in subsequent years, but the significant effect does not persist. Using the CDC's Infant Feeding Practices Survey II, I t…

2. Apparenté Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Bounds on Distributional Treatment Effect Parameters using Panel Data with an Application on Job Displacement

   Brantly Callaway · 2020 · Econometrics · cité 12 fois · Résumé IA disponible

   Bounds on Distributional Treatment Effect Parameters using Panel Data développe des bornes pour les effets de traitement, tandis que l’étude estime les effets de réformes de congé maternité.

   Résumé scientifique

   This paper develops new techniques to bound distributional treatment effect parameters that depend on the joint distribution of potential outcomes -- an object not identified by standard identifying assumptions such as selection on observables or even when treatment is randomly assigned. I show that panel data and an additional assumption on the dependence between untreated potential outcomes for the treated group over time (i) provide more identifying power for distributional treatment effect parameters than existing bounds and (ii) provide a more plausible set of conditions than existing methods that obtain point identification. I apply these bounds to study heterogeneity in the effect of …

3. Apparenté Autre approche du problème Pas pertinent

   Labor Market Outcomes and Early Schooling: Evidence from School Entry Policies Using Exact Date of Birth

   Pedro Cavalcante Oliveira, Daniel Duque · 2019 · General Economics · preprint, non relu par les pairs · Résumé IA disponible

   Labor Market Outcomes and Early Schooling estime par discontinuité de régression l’effet de l’entrée scolaire sur les revenus, contrairement à l’imputation proposée ici lorsque la RD échoue.

   Résumé scientifique

   We use a rich, census-like Brazilian dataset containing information on spatial mobility, schooling, and income in which we can link children to parents to assess the impact of early education on several labor market outcomes. Brazilian public primary schools admit children up to one year younger than the national minimum age to enter school if their birthday is before an arbitrary threshold, causing an exogenous variation in schooling at adulthood. Using a Regression Discontinuity Design, we estimate one additional year of schooling increases labor income in 25.8% - almost twice as large as estimated using mincerian models. Around this cutoff there is also a gap of 9.6% on the probability of…

4. Apparenté Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Welfare Effects of Labor Income Tax Changes on Married Couples: A Sufficient Statistics Approach

   Egor Malkov · 2021 · General Economics · cité 2 fois · Résumé IA disponible

   Welfare Effects of Labor Income Tax Changes on Married Couples évalue les effets de réformes fiscales sur l’offre de travail, plutôt que ceux du congé maternité sur les enfants et les mères.

   Résumé scientifique

   This paper develops a framework for assessing the welfare effects of labor income tax changes on married couples. I build a static model of couples' labor supply that features both intensive and extensive margins and derive a tractable expression that delivers a transparent understanding of how labor supply responses, policy parameters, and income distribution affect the reform-induced welfare gains. Using this formula, I conduct a comparative welfare analysis of four tax reforms implemented in the United States over the last four decades, namely the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, and the T…

5. Apparenté Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Skills and Liquidity Barriers to Youth Employment: Medium-term Evidence from a Cash Benchmarking Experiment in Rwanda

   Craig McIntosh, Andrew Zeitlin · 2022 · General Economics · cité 2 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Skills and Liquidity Barriers to Youth Employment évalue une formation et des transferts sur l’emploi des jeunes, alors que l’étude porte sur les congés maternité britanniques.

   Résumé scientifique

   We present results of an experiment benchmarking a workforce training program against cash transfers for underemployed young adults in Rwanda. 3.5 years after treatment, the training program enhances productive time use and asset investment, while the cash transfers drive productive assets, livestock values, savings, and subjective well-being. Both interventions have powerful effects on entrepreneurship. But while labor, sales, and profits all go up, the implied wage rate in these businesses is low. Our results suggest that credit is a major barrier to self-employment, but deeper reforms may be required to enable entrepreneurship to provide a transformative pathway out of poverty.

6. Apparenté Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   The Structure and Incentives of a COVID related Emergency Wage Subsidy

   Jules Linden, Cathal O'Donoghue, Denisa M. Sologon · 2021 · General Economics · cité 2 fois · Résumé IA disponible

   The Structure and Incentives of a COVID related Emergency Wage Subsidy simule des régimes de subvention salariale et leurs incitations, plutôt que les effets des réformes de congé maternité.

   Résumé scientifique

   During recent crisis, wage subsidies played a major role in sheltering firms and households from economic shocks. During COVID-19, most workers were affected and many liberal welfare states introduced new temporary wage subsidies to protected workers' earnings and employment (OECD, 2021). New wage subsidies marked a departure from the structure of traditional income support payments and required reform. This paper uses simulated datasets to assess the structure and incentives of the Irish COVID-19 wage subsidy scheme (CWS) under five designs. We use a nowcasting approach to update 2017 microdata, producing a near real time picture of the labour market at the peak of the crisis. Using microsi…

7. Apparenté Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Effect of breastfeeding on gastrointestinal infection in infants: A targeted maximum likelihood approach for clustered longitudinal data

   Mireille E. Schnitzer, Mark J. van der Laan, Erica E. M. Moodie et al. · 2014 · Annals of Applied Statistics 2014, Vol. 8, No. 2, 703-725 · cité 63 fois · Résumé IA disponible

   Effect of breastfeeding on gastrointestinal infection estime l’effet de la durée d’allaitement sur les infections infantiles, et non celui des congés maternité sur les résultats scolaires.

   Résumé scientifique

   The PROmotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) cluster-randomized a program encouraging breastfeeding to new mothers in hospital centers. The original studies indicated that this intervention successfully increased duration of breastfeeding and lowered rates of gastrointestinal tract infections in newborns. Additional scientific and popular interest lies in determining the causal effect of longer breastfeeding on gastrointestinal infection. In this study, we estimate the expected infection count under various lengths of breastfeeding in order to estimate the effect of breastfeeding duration on infection. Due to the presence of baseline and time-dependent confounding, specialized …

8. Apparenté Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Nonparametric Identification and Estimation of Earnings Dynamics using a Hidden Markov Model: Evidence from the PSID

   Tong Zhou · 2023 · Applications · cité 1 fois · Résumé IA disponible

   Nonparametric Identification and Estimation of Earnings Dynamics using a Hidden Markov Model étudie la dynamique des revenus par un modèle de Markov caché, sans analyser les réformes de congé maternité.

   Résumé scientifique

   This paper presents a hidden Markov model designed to investigate the complex nature of earnings persistence. The proposed model assumes that the residuals of log-earnings consist of a persistent component and a transitory component, both following general Markov processes. Nonparametric identification is achieved through spectral decomposition of linear operators, and a modified stochastic EM algorithm is introduced for model estimation. Applying the framework to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) dataset, we find that the earnings process displays nonlinear persistence, conditional skewness, and conditional kurtosis. Additionally, the transitory component is found to possess non-Gau…