The role of parasite-produced dopamine in Toxoplasma gondii-altered host behaviour

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   The Neurotropic Parasite Toxoplasma Gondii Increases Dopamine Metabolism

   E. Prandovszky, Elizabeth Gaskell, H. Martin et al. · 2011 · PLoS ONE · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   The highly prevalent parasite Toxoplasma gondii manipulates its host's behavior. In infected rodents, the behavioral changes increase the likelihood that the parasite will be transmitted back to its definitive cat host, an essential step in completion of the parasite's life cycle. The mechanism(s) responsible for behavioral changes in the host is unknown but two lines of published evidence suggest that the parasite alters neurotransmitter signal transduction: the disruption of the parasite-induced behavioral changes with medications used to treat psychiatric disease (specifically dopamine antagonists) and identification of a tyrosine hydroxylase encoded in the parasite genome. In this study,…

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   Toxoplasma gondii-altered host behaviour: clues as to mechanism of action.

   J. Webster, G. McConkey · 2010 · Folia Parasitologica · Pas encore résumé
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   Toxoplasma-induced changes in host risk behaviour are independent of parasite-derived AaaH2 tyrosine hydroxylase

   C. Afonso, V. Paixão, Andreas Klaus et al. · 2017 · Scientific Reports · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Toxoplasma gondii infects a broad range of hosts and can establish chronic infections with the formation of brain cysts. Infected animals show altered risk behaviour which has been suggested to increase capture probability of hosts, and thus enhance parasite transmission. It has been proposed that the ability of Toxoplasma cysts to secrete tyrosine hydroxylase could mediate these behavioural alterations. We tested the involvement of secreted tyrosine hydroxylase, coded by the parasite AaaH2 gene, in the development of alterations in mouse behaviour, by generating an AaaH2 deletion mutant parasite strain and testing its influence on behaviour. We found that both mice infected with wild type o…

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   Toxoplasma gondii infection, from predation to schizophrenia: can animal behaviour help us understand human behaviour?

   J. Webster, M. Kaushik, G. Bristow et al. · 2013 · Journal of Experimental Biology · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Summary We examine the role of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii as a manipulatory parasite and question what role study of infections in its natural intermediate rodent hosts and other secondary hosts, including humans, may elucidate in terms of the epidemiology, evolution and clinical applications of infection. In particular, we focus on the potential association between T. gondii and schizophrenia. We introduce the novel term ‘T. gondii–rat manipulation–schizophrenia model’ and propose how future behavioural research on this model should be performed from a biological, clinical and ethically appropriate perspective.

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   Toxoplasma-induced behavior changes - is microbial dysbiosis the missing link?

   E. Prandovszky, E. Severance, Victor W. Splan et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most successful intracellular protozoa in that it can infect the majority of mammalian cell types during the acute phase of infection. Furthermore, it is able to establish a chronic infection for the host’s entire lifespan by developing an encysted parasite form, primarily in the muscles and brain of the host, to avoid the host immune system. The infection affects one third of the world population and poses an increased risk for people with a suppressed immune system. Despite the dormant characteristics of chronic T. gondii infection, there is much evidence suggesting that this infection leads to specific behavior changes in both humans and rodents…

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   Parasite-altered behaviour: is the effect of Toxoplasma gondii on Rattus norvegicus specific?

   M. Berdoy, J. Webster, D. Macdonald · 1995 · Parasitology · Pas encore résumé
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   Induction of changes in human behaviour by the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii

   J. Flegr, Š. Zitková, P. Kodym et al. · 1996 · Parasitology · Pas encore résumé
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   Identification of Toxoplasma Gondii Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Activity and Molecular Immunoprotection against Toxoplasmosis

   Zhen-Chao Zhang, Yu-Hua Li, Haoran Li et al. · 2020 · Vaccines · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   The neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection can change the behavior of rodents and cause neuropsychological symptoms in humans, which may be related to the change in neurotransmitter dopamine in the host brain caused by T. gondii infection. T. gondii tyrosine hydroxylase (TgTH) is an important factor in increasing the neurotransmitter dopamine in the host brain. In this study, the enzyme activity of TgTH catalytic substrate for dopamine production and the molecular characteristics of TgTH were identified. In order to amplify the open reading frame (ORF), the designing of the specific primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was on the basis of the TgTH sequence (GenBa…

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   Toxoplasma gondii and Psychopathology: Latent Infection Is Associated with Interpersonal Sensitivity, Psychoticism, and Higher Testosterone Levels in Men, but Not in Women

   Javier I. Borráz-León, M. Rantala, S. Luoto et al. · 2021 · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Objective The ability of parasites to hijack the nervous system, manipulating the host’s physiology and behavior in ways that enhance the parasite’s fitness while damaging host fitness, is a topic of ongoing research interest in evolutionary biology, but is largely overlooked in mental health research. Nevertheless, recent evidence has shown that Toxoplasma gondii infection can change host testosterone levels and influence the development of some psychiatric disorders. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a mixed sample of 213 non-clinical subjects. Methods Participants ( n males = 108, n females = 105) provided 5 ml of blood to quantify testosterone levels and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Th…

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   Effects of toxoplasma on human behavior.

   J. Flegr · 2007 · Schizophrenia bulletin · Pas encore résumé
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   Infection-induced extracellular vesicles evoke neuronal transcriptional and epigenetic changes

   E. Tedford, N. Badya, Conor Laing et al. · 2020 · bioRxiv · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii induces changes in neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and behavior, yet it remains elusive how these changes come about. In this study we investigated how norepinephrine levels are altered by infection. TINEV (Toxoplasma-induced neuronal extracellular vesicles) isolated from infected noradrenergic cells down-regulated dopamine ß-hydroxylase ( DBH ) gene expression in human and rodent cells. Here we report that intracerebral injection of TINEVs into the brain is sufficient to induce DBH down-regulation and distrupt catecholaminergic signalling. Further, TINEV treatment induced hypermethylation upstream of the DBH gene. An antisense lncRNA to D…

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   Sex-specific changes in gene expression and behavior induced by chronic Toxoplasma infection in mice.

   Jianchun Xiao, G. Kannan, L. Jones-Brando et al. · 2012 · Neuroscience · Pas encore résumé
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   Downregulation of the Central Noradrenergic System by Toxoplasma gondii Infection

   I. Alsaady, E. Tedford, Mohammad A. Alsaad et al. · 2018 · Infection and Immunity · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Toxoplasma gondii is associated with physiological effects in the host. Dysregulation of catecholamines in the central nervous system has previously been observed in chronically infected animals. ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is associated with physiological effects in the host. Dysregulation of catecholamines in the central nervous system has previously been observed in chronically infected animals. In the study described here, the noradrenergic system was found to be suppressed with decreased levels of norepinephrine (NE) in brains of infected animals and in infected human and rat neural cells in vitro. The mechanism responsible for the NE suppression was found to be downregulation of dopamin…

Les articles qui le citent

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   From cats to cortex: T. gondii and psychosis, depression, and anxiety

   Gabriel Andrade, Abderrahim Benlahcene, Dalia A. Bedewy · 2026 · Frontiers in Psychiatry · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   This review examines whether cat ownership, via exposure to the neurotropic parasite T. gondii, contributes to vulnerability for psychotic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. T. gondii establishes lifelong latent infection in the brain and muscle, where it can modulate dopaminergic signaling, neuroinflammation, and tryptophan–kynurenine metabolism, providing a biologically plausible pathway to altered cognition, mood, and behavior. Epidemiological and meta-analytic data indicate small-to-moderate associations between T. gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia, with more variable but suggestive links to depression and anxiety. Evidence for cat ownership as an independent risk factor is inconsi…

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   Sequentially activated fluorescent probes based on a purine scaffold: enabling precise spatiotemporal monitoring of H2O2 and tyrosine hydroxylase in the brainstem NTS during spontaneous hypertension.

   Yang Yu, Jia Yao, Xiao-Qi Yu et al. · 2026 · In Analysis · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Spontaneous hypertension (SH) is a prevalent chronic cardiovascular disorder characterized by the synergistic elevation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Traditional detection techniques lack the specificity and spatiotemporal resolution to monitor the dynamic interplay of these two core pathological biomarkers, hindering the in-depth exploration of SH pathogenesis. Herein, a series of novel cascade-activated fluorescent probes (PPTHs) were rationally designed and synthesized based on a purine core, which achieve specific fluorescence responses only upon sequential activation by H2O2 and TH. In vitro a…