Autonomous cooling of Kerr-cat qubits to minutes-long bit-flip times

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   Quantum computing crucially relies on maintaining quantum coherence for the duration of a calculation. Bosonic quantum error correction protects this coherence by encoding qubits into superpositions of noise-resilient oscillator states. In the case of the Kerr-cat qubit (KCQ), these states derive their stability from being the quasi-degenerate ground states of an engineered Hamiltonian in a driven nonlinear oscillator. KCQs are experimentally compatible with on-chip architectures and high-fidelity operations, making them promising candidates for a scalable bosonic quantum processor. However, their bit-flip time must increase further to fully leverage these advantages. Here, we present direct…

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   Kerr-cat qubits realized in periodically driven superconducting nonlinear resonators are a promising platform for quantum information processing with biased noise. Pure dephasing in such systems induces leakage out of the qubit subspace, motivating the use of quantum circuit refrigeration (QCR) to remove excess excitations. While conventional superconductor--insulator--normal-metal--insulator--superconductor (SINIS)-based QCRs can suppress leakage via single-photon absorption, they also enhance QCR-induced phase-flip errors. Here we investigate a QCR based on a superconductor--insulator--superconductor--insulator--superconductor (SISIS) junction coupled to a Kerr parametric oscillator (KPO).…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Cat qubits, a type of bosonic qubit encoded in a harmonic oscillator, can exhibit an exponential noise bias against bit-flip errors with increasing mean photon number. Here, we focus on cat qubits stabilized by two-photon dissipation, where pairs of photons are added and removed from a harmonic oscillator by an auxiliary, lossy buffer mode. This process requires a large loss rate and strong nonlinearities of the buffer mode that must not degrade the coherence and linearity of the oscillator. In this work, we show how to overcome this challenge by coloring the loss environment of the buffer mode with a multipole filter and optimizing the circuit to take into account additional inductances in …

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   A. Marquet, Antoine Essig, Joachim Cohen et al. · 2023 · Physical Review X · cité 32 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Cat qubits, for which logical $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$ are coherent states $|\pm\alpha\rangle$ of a harmonic mode, offer a promising route towards quantum error correction. Using dissipation to our advantage so that photon pairs of the harmonic mode are exchanged with single photons of its environment, it is possible to stabilize the logical states and exponentially increase the bit-flip time of the cat qubit with the photon number $|\alpha|^2$. Large two-photon dissipation rate $\kappa_2$ ensures fast qubit manipulation and short error correction cycles, which are instrumental to correct the remaining phase-flip errors in a repetition code of cat qubits. Here we introduce and operate an …

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   Ahmed Hajr, B. Qing, Ke Wang et al. · 2024 · Physical Review X · cité 47 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   The Kerr-cat qubit is a bosonic qubit in which multiphoton Schrödinger cat states are stabilized by applying a two-photon drive to an oscillator with a Kerr nonlinearity. The suppressed bit-flip rate with increasing cat size makes this qubit a promising candidate to implement quantum error correction codes tailored for noise-biased qubits. However, achieving strong light-matter interactions necessary for stabilizing and controlling this qubit has traditionally required strong microwave drives that heat the qubit and degrade its performance. In contrast, increasing the coupling to the drive port removes the need for strong drives at the expense of large Purcell decay. By integrating an effect…

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   Dissipative cat-qubits are a promising architecture for quantum processors due to their built-in quantum error correction. By leveraging two-photon stabilization, they achieve an exponentially suppressed bit-flip error rate as the distance in phase-space between their basis states increases, incurring only a linear increase in phase-flip rate. This property substantially reduces the number of qubits required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we implement a squeezing deformation of the cat qubit basis states, further extending the bit-flip time while minimally affecting the phase-flip rate. We demonstrate a steep reduction in the bit-flip error rate with increasing mean photon num…

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   Ulysse R'eglade, A. Bocquet, Ronan Gautier et al. · 2023 · Nature · cité 121 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Quantum bits (qubits) are prone to several types of error as the result of uncontrolled interactions with their environment. Common strategies to correct these errors are based on architectures of qubits involving daunting hardware overheads1. One possible solution is to build qubits that are inherently protected against certain types of error, so the overhead required to correct the remaining errors is greatly reduced2–7. However, this strategy relies on one condition: any quantum manipulations of the qubit must not break the protection that has been so carefully engineered5,8. A type of qubit known as a cat qubit is encoded in the manifold of metastable states of a quantum dynamical system…

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   Combined Dissipative and Hamiltonian Confinement of Cat Qubits

   Ronan Gautier, A. Sarlette, M. Mirrahimi · 2021 · PRX Quantum · cité 48 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Quantum error correction with biased-noise qubits can drastically reduce the hardware overhead for universal and fault-tolerant quantum computation. Cat qubits are a promising realization of biased-noise qubits as they feature an exponential error bias inherited from their non-local encoding in the phase space of a quantum harmonic oscillator. To confine the state of an oscillator to the cat qubit manifold, two main approaches have been considered so far: a Kerr-based Hamiltonian confinement with high gate performances, and a dissipative confinement with robust protection against a broad range of noise mechanisms. We introduce a new combined dissipative and Hamiltonian confinement scheme bas…

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   Qiang-Da Xu, J. Iverson, F. Brandão et al. · 2021 · Physical Review Research · cité 53 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Résumé scientifique

   Stabilized cat codes can provide a biased noise channel with a set of bias-preserving (BP) gates, which can significantly reduce the resource overhead for fault-tolerant quantum computing. All existing schemes of BP gates, however, require adiabatic quantum evolution, with performance limited by excitation loss and non-adiabatic errors during the adiabatic gates. In this work, we apply a derivative-based leakage suppression technique to overcome non-adiabatic errors, so that we can implement fast BP gates on Kerr-cat qubits with improved gate fidelity while maintaining high noise bias. When applied to concatenated quantum error correction, the fast BP gates can not only improve the logical e…

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   Stabilization and operation of a Kerr-cat qubit

   A. Grimm, N. Frattini, S. Puri et al. · 2020 · Nature · cité 516 fois · Pas encore résumé
3. Proche Utilisé en profondeur par cet article Pas pertinent

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   H. Putterman, J. Iverson, Qiang-Da Xu et al. · 2021 · Physical Review Letters · cité 33 fois · Pas encore résumé

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   Protected qubits such as the 0-π qubit, and bosonic qubits including cat qubits and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits offer advantages for fault tolerance. Some of these protected qubits (e.g., 0-π qubit and Kerr-cat qubit) are stabilized by Hamiltonians which have (near-)degenerate ground state manifolds with large energy gaps to the excited state manifolds. Without dissipative stabilization mechanisms the performance of such energy-gap-protected qubits can be limited by leakage to excited states. Here, we propose a scheme for dissipatively stabilizing an energy-gap-protected qubit using colored (i.e., frequency-selective) dissipation without inducing errors in the ground state manifol…

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   Résumé scientifique

   We present a 1D repetition code based on the so-called cat qubits as a viable approach toward hardware-efficient universal and fault-tolerant quantum computation. The cat qubits that are stabilized by a two-photon driven-dissipative process, exhibit a tunable noise bias where the effective bit-flip errors are exponentially suppressed with the average number of photons. We propose a realization of a set of gates on the cat qubits that preserve such a noise bias. Combining these base qubit operations, we build, at the level of the repetition cat qubit, a universal set of fully protected logical gates. This set includes single-qubit preparations and measurements, NOT, controlled-NOT, and contro…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Kerr nonlinear oscillators driven by a two-photon process are promising systems to encode quantum information and to ensure a hardware-efficient scaling towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this paper, we show that an extra control parameter, the detuning of the two-photon drive with respect to the oscillator resonance, plays a crucial role in the properties of the defined qubit. At specific values of this detuning, we benefit from strong symmetries in the system, leading to multiple degeneracies in the spectrum of the effective confinement Hamiltonian. Overall, these degeneracies lead to a stronger suppression of bit-flip errors. We also study the combination of such Hamiltonian c…