Field demonstration of a self-contained 10 km mobile-to-ground quantum network node via common-aperture co-propagation

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   Résumé scientifique

   We report the implementation and field testing of an atmospheric quantum key distribution (QKD) system obtained by adapting the commercially available fiber-based ViPNet-QTS platform. The phase-time state-preparation module, detector electronics, and post-processing procedures were retained, whereas the fiber channel was replaced by external optical devices forming a 400 m urban free-space link. The 1550 nm quantum-channel signal was coupled into a multimode fiber (MMF) at the receiver and analyzed by a free-space multimode delay interferometer, allowing the quantum-cryptographic equipment to remain inside trusted zones. Synchronization and bidirectional pointing were implemented using spect…

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   This study introduces an advanced discrete-variable (DV) polarization-state quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter tailored for the BB84 protocol with decoy states at 1550 nm. Demonstrating an intrinsic quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 0.15 % at a 615 MHz repetition rate and 0.34 % across a 50-km standard single-mode fiber link, our implementation marks a significant stride towards practical quantum-secured communication. The system's reliance on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and low-voltage operation, coupled with a self-stable design, ensures resilience against environmental perturbations. This research pioneers the evaluation of a polarization-state QKD transmitter's perf…

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   Résumé scientifique

   The integration of quantum key distribution (QKD) and classical optical communication has attracted widespread attention. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a real-time co-propagation of 1 Tbps for 10 classical channels with one discrete-variable QKD channel in the weakly coupled few-mode fiber (FMF). Based on the selection of optimal device parameters and wavelength assignment of classical channels, as well as the optimization of equipment performance, a secure key rate of as high as 2.7 kbps of coexistence transmission of QKD and classical optical communication can be achieved using a 100.96 km weakly coupled FMF. Therefore, this study is a step toward realizing long-distance qu…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) provides crucial advantages, including mobility and deployment exibility, for securing next-generation communication networks. However, atmospheric turbulence and beam wander severely degrade single-photon coupling effciency and link stability over outdoor channels. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a free-space decoy-state BB84 QKD system operating at 803 nm with a 100 MHz repetition rate over a 2 km outdoor link. By employing an active beam-wander correction based on fast-steering mirrors (FSMs) and position sensitive detectors (PSDs) with a 500 Hz control loop, we enhance the ?ber coupling effciency and achieve an average ?nite-key secur…

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   Résumé scientifique

   The basic principle of quantum mechanics1 guarantees the unconditional security of quantum key distribution (QKD)2–6 at the cost of forbidding the amplification of a quantum state. As a result, and despite remarkable progress in worldwide metropolitan QKD networks7,8 over the past decades, a long-haul fibre QKD network without a trusted relay has not yet been achieved. Here, through the sending-or-not-sending protocol9, we achieve twin-field QKD10 and distribute secure keys without any trusted repeater over a 511 km long-haul fibre trunk that links two distant metropolitan areas. The fibre trunk contains 12 fibres in the cable, three of which are used for the quantum channel, optical synchro…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) can guarantee security without trusting the internal workings of the measurement devices, but extending it to fiber networks demands high-quality entanglement, reliable heralding, and faithful photon transmission simultaneously. Here, we address these requirements in an event-ready asymmetric atom-photon architecture implemented over $25\,\mathrm{km}$ of spooled telecom fiber. A single trapped $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^{+}$ ion forms one party of the protocol while a single transmitted photon measured at the remote station forms the other. Double quantum frequency conversion and active polarization stabilization preserve the atom-photon quantum cor…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a promising approach to long-distance QKD networks due to its superior performance over large channel losses. Due to specialized hardware requirements, nearly all long-distance TFQKD demonstrations have only two users exchanging keys, rather than a network with three or more users. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-principle three-user-pair Sagnac TFQKD network spanning 127-km using single-photon avalanche detectors without any active phase stabilization or postcompensation. We implement efficient procedures for maintaining polarization stability and circumventing Rayleigh backscattering noise to achieve a stable Sagn…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Satellite-based quantum terminals are a feasible way to extend the reach of quantum communication protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD) to the global scale. To that end, prior demonstrations have shown QKD transmissions from airborne platforms to receivers on ground, but none have shown QKD transmissions from ground to a moving aircraft, the latter scenario having simplicity and flexibility advantages for a hypothetical satellite. Here, we demonstrate QKD from a ground transmitter to a receiver prototype mounted on an airplane in flight. We have specifically designed our receiver prototype to consist of many components that are compatible with the environment and resource constrai…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Quantum state transferring has been demonstrated using drones via entanglement distribution. Here, we demonstrate the first drone-based quantum task for quantum key distribution (QKD). Compact and polarization-maintaining acquisition, pointing, and tracking systems and QKD modules are developed and loaded on a homemade octocopter with a takeoff weight of 30 kg. Real-time QKD is performed over a 200 m distance with an 8.48 kHz average secret key rate using a polarization-coded decoy-state BB84 protocol. With the capability of secret key distribution using a drone, wireless communication can be expected with enhanced security in the quantum approach between mobile nodes toward a network.

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   Résumé scientifique

   Quantum key distribution is a point-to-point communication protocol that leverages quantum mechanics to enable secure information exchange. Commonly, the transmitter and receiver stations are at fixed locations, and the single-photon quantum states are transmitted over fiber or free space. Here, we describe a modular, platform-agnostic, quantum key distribution transmitter and receiver with reduced size, weight, and power consumption to realize a mobile quantum communication system. We deploy the system on different moving platforms, demonstrating drone-to-drone, drone-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-vehicle quantum communication, achieving secure key rates in the finite-key regime in the range o…

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   Résumé scientifique

   A quantum network1, 2–3 provides an infrastructure that connects quantum devices with revolutionary computing, sensing and communication capabilities. A quantum satellite constellation offers a solution to facilitate the quantum network on a global scale4,5. The Micius satellite has verified the feasibility of satellite quantum communications6, 7, 8–9; however, scaling up quantum satellite constellations is challenging, requiring small lightweight satellites, portable ground stations and real-time secure key exchange. Here we tackle these challenges and report the development of a quantum microsatellite capable of performing space-to-ground quantum key distribution using portable ground stat…

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   Résumé scientifique

   Quantum key distribution (QKD)1,2 allows two distant parties to share encryption keys with security based on physical laws. Experimentally, QKD has been implemented via optical means, achieving key rates of 1.26 megabits per second over 50 kilometres of standard optical fibre3 and of 1.16 bits per hour over 404 kilometres of ultralow-loss fibre in a measurement-device-independent configuration4. Increasing the bit rate and range of QKD is a formidable, but important, challenge. A related target, which is currently considered to be unfeasible without quantum repeaters5–7, is overcoming the fundamental rate–distance limit of QKD8. This limit defines the maximum possible secret key rate that tw…