Résumé IA · arXiv: 2510.12388v1 · astro-ph.EP
The rings of (2060) Chiron: Evidence of an evolving system
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Les articles les plus proches
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Possible ring material around centaur (2060) ChironJ. Ortiz, R. Duffard, N. Pinilla-Alonso et al. · 2015 · arXiv: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · preprint, non relu par les pairs · cité 118 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
We propose that several short duration events observed in past stellar occultations by Chiron were produced by rings material. From a reanalysis of the stellar occultation data in the literature we determined two possible orientations of the pole of Chiron's rings, with ecliptic coordinates l=(352+/-10) deg, b=(37+/-10) deg or l=(144+/-10) deg, b=(24+/-10) deg . The mean radius of the rings is (324 +/- 10) km. One can use the rotational lightcurve amplitude of Chiron at different epochs to distinguish between the two solutions for the pole. Both imply lower lightcurve amplitude in 2013 than in 1988, when the rotational lightcurve was first determined. We derived Chiron's rotational lightcurv…
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Dynamical Environment and Stability around Centaur (2060) ChironG. Madeira, B. Morgado, C. Pereira et al. · 2025 · Astrophysical Journal · cité 3 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
A recent stellar occultation revealed that the Centaur (2060) Chiron hosts a broad disk extending beyond ∼200 km from its center, embedding three ring-like structures (Chi1R, Chi2R, and Chi3R), while a tenuous outer ring (Chi4R) lies beyond the Roche limit. Here, we present a first dynamical assessment of the system’s stability through numerical simulations of test particles, accounting for Chiron’s triaxial figure. For an equatorial ellipticity of C22 ∼ 0.02, as inferred from the most recent shape estimates, our simulations reveal a chaotic inner zone extending to ∼260 km, where particle lifetimes reach up to a year, while particles beyond ∼260 km can remain stable for at least a decade. Th…
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A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) CharikloF. Braga-Ribas, B. Sicardy, J. Ortiz et al. · 2014 · Nature · cité 273 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
Hitherto, rings have been found exclusively around the four giant planets in the Solar System. Rings are natural laboratories in which to study dynamical processes analogous to those that take place during the formation of planetary systems and galaxies. Their presence also tells us about the origin and evolution of the body they encircle. Here we report observations of a multichord stellar occultation that revealed the presence of a ring system around (10199) Chariklo, which is a Centaur—that is, one of a class of small objects orbiting primarily between Jupiter and Neptune—with an equivalent radius of 124 9 kilometres (ref. 2). There are two dense rings, with respective widths of about 7 a…
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Constraints on (2060) Chiron's size, shape, and surrounding material from the November 2018 and September 2019 stellar occultationsF. Braga-Ribas, C. Pereira, B. Sicardy et al. · 2023 · Astronomy & Astrophysics · cité 20 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
After the discovery of rings around the largest known Centaur object, (10199) Chariklo, we carried out observation campaigns of stellar occultations produced by the second-largest known Centaur object, (2060) Chiron, to better characterize its physical properties and presence of material on its surroundings. We predicted and successfully observed two stellar occultations by Chiron. These observations were used to constrain its size and shape by fitting elliptical limbs with equivalent surface radii in agreement with radiometric measurements. Constraints on the (2060) Chiron shape are reported for the first time. Assuming an equivalent radius of R$_{equiv}$ = 105$^{+6}_{-7}$ km, we obtained a…
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Characterization of material around the centaur (2060) Chiron from a visible and near-infrared stellar occultation in 2011A. Sickafoose, A. Bosh, J. Emery et al. · 2019 · Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · cité 22 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
The centaur (2060) Chiron exhibits outgassing behaviour and possibly hosts a ring system. On 2011 November 29, Chiron occulted a fairly bright star (R ∼ 15 mag) as observed from the 3-m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea and the 2-m Faulkes Telescope North (FTN) at Haleakala. Data were taken as visible wavelength images and simultaneous, low-resolution, near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Here, we present a detailed examination of the light-curve features in the optical data and an analysis of the NIR spectra. We place a lower limit on the spherical diameter of Chiron's nucleus of 160.2 ± 1.3 km. Sharp, narrow dips were observed between 280 and 360 km from the centre (depending on…
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Ring dynamics around non-axisymmetric bodies with application to Chariklo and HaumeaB. Sicardy, Rodrigo Leiva, S. Renner et al. · 2018 · Nature Astronomy · cité 42 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
Dense and narrow rings have been discovered recently around the small Centaur object Chariklo1 and the dwarf planet Haumea2, while being suspected around the Centaur Chiron3, although this point is debated4. They are the first rings observed in the Solar System elsewhere than around giant planets. In contrast to giant planets, gravitational fields of small bodies may exhibit large non-axisymmetric terms that create strong resonances between the spin of the object and the mean motion of ring particles. Here we show that modest topographic features or elongations of Chariklo and Haumea explain why their rings are relatively far away from the central body, when scaled to those of the giant plan…
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Origins of rings in the Solar SystemB. Sicardy, M. El Moutamid, S. Renner et al. · 2025 · Philosophical Transactions · cité 7 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
Until about a decade ago, ring systems were only known to exist around giant planets. Each one of the four giant planets harbours its own distinctive and unique system of rings and inner satellites. The past decade has been marked by the unexpected discoveries of dense rings around small objects of the outer Solar System: the Centaur object Chariklo (and possibly Chiron), the dwarf planet Haumea and the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar. In the latter case, an additional surprise came from the fact that Quaoar’s rings orbit well beyond the Roche limit of the body. Here, we address the possible origins and evolution of these ring systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Major advances in…
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Rings Around Non-spherical Worlds: Sub-mm Dust Retention Around Triaxial Small Bodies in the Solar SystemZsolt Regály, V. Fröhlich, Cs. Kalup et al. · 2026 · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · cité 1 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
We investigated the millennial-scale evolution of narrow innermost rings composed of pebble-sized to sub-millimeter particles around the four known ring-bearing small bodies Chiron, Chariklo, Quaoar, and Haumea. Using a GPU-accelerated fourth-order Hermite integrator, we modeled the combined effects of solar radiation pressure, shadowing of the rings by the host body, heliocentric motion, and the non-axisymmetric gravitational field of the rotating triaxial central body. The calculations compare spherical and triaxial-body models, as well as coplanar and inclined ring configurations. In spherical models, solar radiation pressure efficiently excites particle eccentricities, leading to accreti…
Les travaux antérieurs sur lesquels il s’appuie
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The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea from a stellar occultationJ. Ortiz, P. Santos-Sanz, B. Sicardy et al. · 2017 · Nature · cité 207 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
Haumea—one of the four known trans-Neptunian dwarf planets—is a very elongated and rapidly rotating body. In contrast to other dwarf planets, its size, shape, albedo and density are not well constrained. The Centaur Chariklo was the first body other than a giant planet known to have a ring system, and the Centaur Chiron was later found to possess something similar to Chariklo’s rings. Here we report observations from multiple Earth-based observatories of Haumea passing in front of a distant star (a multi-chord stellar occultation). Secondary events observed around the main body of Haumea are consistent with the presence of a ring with an opacity of 0.5, width of 70 kilometres and radius of a…
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Jet-like features near the nucleus of ChironJ. Elliot, C. Olkin, E. Dunham et al. · 1995 · Nature · cité 55 fois · Pas encore résumé
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New or Increased Cometary Activity in (2060) 95P/ChironM. Dobson, M. Schwamb, A. Fitzsimmons et al. · 2021 · Research Notes of the AAS · cité 7 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) observations of Centaur (2060) 95P/Chiron show a brightening in the apparent magnitude not due rotational light curves or phase effects. This onset or enhancement of cometary activity started after 2021 February 8 UT and continued in later observations from 2021 June 18 UT onward. Recent ATLAS observations and deeper follow-up imaging obtained using the Las Cumbres Observatory 1.0 m robotic telescope network find no confirmed signature of coma or tail-like features.
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The two rings of (50000) QuaoarC. Pereira, B. Sicardy, B. Morgado et al. · 2023 · Astronomy & Astrophysics · cité 49 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
Quaoar is a classical Trans-Neptunian Object (TNO) with an area equivalent diameter of 1,100 km and an orbital semi-major axis of 43.3 astronomical units. Based on stellar occultations observed between 2018 and 2021, an inhomogeneous ring (Q1R, Quaoar's first ring) was detected around this body. Aims. A new stellar occultation by Quaoar was observed on August 9th, 2022 aiming to improve Quaoar's shape models and the physical parameters of Q1R while searching for additional material around the body. Methods. The occultation provided nine effective chords across Quaoar, pinning down its size, shape, and astrometric position. Large facilities, such as Gemini North and the Canada-France-Hawaii T…
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The Dynamics of Planetary RingsP. Goldreich, S. Tremaine · 1982 · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · cité 300 fois · Pas encore résumé
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Planetary rings are ubiquitous structure in our Solar System, but their formation mechanisms remain under debate. One of the proposed scenarios is the tidal disruption of a nearby passing body that enters within a planet's Roche limit, producing fragments that are gravitationally captured and finally form the rings. In this study, we investigate the detailed dynamical path and fate of such tidally captured fragments using direct Nbody simulations including collisional fragmentation with analytical arguments. Focusing on Saturn as a representative case, we explore how the inclination iTD and pericenter distance qTD of the orbit of the passing body control the subsequent orbital evolution, col…
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Multiyear Ground-based Survey Photometry of Active Comet 103P/Hartley 2 and Centaur (2060) Chiron: A Tale of Two Comets in the Pre-LSST EraJoseph Murtagh, M. Schwamb, M. S. Kelley et al. · 2026 · The Planetary Science Journal · Pas encore résumé
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Comets and Centaurs trace the evolution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) into the inner solar system. Their activity reflects the interplay between volatile sublimation, dust dynamics, and, in some cases, ring scattering. Yet the long-term behavior of individual objects remains less constrained. To probe this evolutionary transition, we use wide-field survey photometry from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), Zwicky Transient Facility, and targeted Las Cumbres Observatory observations of the Jupiter-family comet (JFC) 103P/Hartley 2 during its 2023/24 apparition, and the Centaur (2060) Chiron across 2020–2025, including its 2021 outburst. For 103P, heliocentric activi…
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JWST reveals anomalously enhanced methane outgassing from below Chiron's water ice and carbon dioxide bearing surfaceIan Wong, S. Protopapa, A. Guilbert-Lepoutre et al. · 2026 · cité 1 fois · Pas encore résumé
Résumé scientifique
Centaurs are inward-scattered Kuiper belt objects, with some exhibiting comet-like activity. The physical mechanisms powering this activity remain poorly understood, with carbon monoxide (CO) sublimation or the crystallization of amorphous water ice commonly invoked as the dominant drivers. Here we present high-resolution JWST spectroscopy of 2060 Chiron, one of the largest known Centaurs, revealing methane and carbon dioxide gas emission with distinct coma spatial morphologies and production rates of $Q_{\rm CH_4}=(1.55\pm0.04)\times10^{27}$ molecules s$^{-1}$ and $Q_{\rm CO_2}=(1.01\pm0.06)\times10^{26}$ molecules s$^{-1}$. The surface spectrum displays spectral signatures attributed to wa…
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A statistical mechanics model for stable rings outside the Roche limitJack T. Dinsmore · 2026 · Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962) · Pas encore résumé
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Stellar occultations have revealed two rings around the dwarf planet Quaoar outside the Roche limit. Simulations suggest that the rings are sustained by large velocity dispersions. We present the first analytical, first-principles theory that extends the Roche limit to describe planetary rings with large velocity dispersion. The underlying principle is an analogy between a liquid/gas phase transition and the moon/ring transition: just as high temperatures can boil a liquid under pressure, high velocity dispersions can stabilize ring systems beyond the Roche limit. We employ statistical mechanics to derive a modification to the Roche limit that treats rings with nonzero velocity dispersion. W…
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Evidence of a New Arc or a Belt of Small Satellites around (50000) QuaoarF. Braga-Ribas, C. Pereira, B. Sicardy et al. · 2026 · Astrophysical Journal Letters · cité 5 fois · Pas encore résumé
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We report the results of an observation of a stellar occultation by the (50000) Quaoar system, observed on 2025 June 25. Observations were made from 10 sites in the USA in an attempt to detect Quaoar’s Q1R ring. Two telescopes at the Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy station detected an unexpected event in Quaoar’s vicinity. Analysis of the light curves revealed simultaneous, sharp flux drops at both telescopes, consistent with the occultation of the star by an opaque object. Square-well modeling incorporating stellar diameter, diffraction, and instrumental effects yielded immersion and emersion times with high precision. From the chord geometry, we estimate a possible satellite w…
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