Theory of Jet Quenching in Ultra-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

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   Résumé scientifique

   The experimental search for the QCD critical point by means of relativistic heavy-ion collisions necessitates the development of dynamical models of fluctuations. In this work we study the fluctuations of the net-baryon density near the critical point. Due to net-baryon number conservation the correct dynamics is given by the fluid dynamical diffusion equation, which we extend by a white noise stochastic term to include intrinsic fluctuations. We quantify finite resolution and finite size effects by comparing our numerical results to analytic expectations for the structure factor and the equal-time correlation function. In small systems the net-baryon number conservation turns out to be quan…

2. Apparenté Pas pertinent

   Probing Nuclear Structure of Heavy Ions at the Large Hadron Collider

   Heikki Mäntysaari, Björn Schenke, Chun Shen et al. · 2024 · Physique nucléaire théorique · Résumé IA disponible

   Résumé scientifique

   We perform high-statistics simulations to study the impacts of nuclear structure on the ratios of anisotropic flow observables in $^{208}$Pb+$^{208}$Pb and $^{129}$Xe+$^{129}$Xe collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Even with $40\%$ difference in atomic numbers between $^{208}$Pb and $^{129}$Xe nuclei, the ratios of anisotropic flow in the same centrality class between the two collision systems are strongly affected by the nuclear structure inputs in the initial state. The ratios of $v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}$ in these collisions are sensitive to the nuclear skin thickness of the colliding nuclei, providing indirect constraints on the nuclei's neutron skin. Our model predictions serve as a benchm…

3. Apparenté Pas pertinent

   The pressure distribution and shear forces inside the proton

   P. E. Shanahan, W. Detmold · 2018 · Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 072003 (2019) · Résumé IA disponible

   Résumé scientifique

   The distributions of pressure and shear forces inside the proton are investigated using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD) calculations of the energy momentum tensor, allowing the first model-independent determination of these fundamental aspects of proton structure. This is achieved by combining recent LQCD results for the gluon contributions to the energy momentum tensor with earlier calculations of the quark contributions. The utility of LQCD calculations in exploring, and supplementing, the assumptions in a recent extraction of the pressure distribution in the proton from deeply virtual Compton scattering experiments is also discussed. Based on this study, the target kinematics for ex…

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   Towards Precise and Accurate Calculations of Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: Project Scoping Workshop Report

   V. Cirigliano, Z. Davoudi, J. Engel et al. · 2022 · J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 49, 120502 (2022) · Résumé IA disponible

   Résumé scientifique

   We present the results of a National Science Foundation (NSF) Project Scoping Workshop, the purpose of which was to assess the current status of calculations for the nuclear matrix elements governing neutrinoless double-beta decay and determine if more work on them is required. After reviewing important recent progress in the application of effective field theory, lattice quantum chromodynamics, and ab initio nuclear-structure theory to double-beta decay, we discuss the state of the art in nuclear-physics uncertainty quantification and then construct a road map for work in all these areas to fully complement the increasingly sensitive experiments in operation and under development. The road …

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   The Silver Blaze Problem in QCD

   Thomas D. Cohen · 2026 · Physique nucléaire théorique · Résumé IA disponible

   Résumé scientifique

   This article provides a pedagogical introduction to the Silver Blaze problem. This problem refers to the difficulty of reconciling to perspectives on QCD with a chemical potential. The first is the phenomenological fact that at $T=0$ QCD remains in its ground state -- the vacuum -- with all physical observables unchanged whenever the magnitude of a chemical potential is less than some critical value. The second is the fact that in functional integral treatments, the inclusion of any nonzero chemical potential changes all eigenvalues of the Dirac operator for every gauge configuration, leading to a natural expectation that the functional determinants also changes, which leads to the expectati…

6. Apparenté Pas pertinent

   Bayesian location of the QCD critical point from a holographic perspective

   Mauricio Hippert, Joaquin Grefa, T. Andrew Manning et al. · 2023 · Physique nucléaire théorique · Résumé IA disponible

   Résumé scientifique

   A fundamental question in QCD is the existence of a phase transition at large doping of quarks over antiquarks. We present the first prediction of a QCD critical point (CP) from a Bayesian analysis constrained by first principle results at zero doping. We employ the gauge/gravity duality to map QCD onto a theory of dual black holes. Predictions for the CP location in different realizations of the model overlap at one sigma. Even if many prior samples do not include a CP, one is found in nearly 100% of posterior samples, indicating a strong preference for a CP.

7. Apparenté Pas pertinent

   Multicomponent relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation

   Jan A. Fotakis, Etele Molnár, Harri Niemi et al. · 2022 · Physique nucléaire théorique · Résumé IA disponible

   Résumé scientifique

   We derive multicomponent relativistic second-order dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equations for a reactive mixture of $N_{\text{spec}}$ particle species with $N_q$ intrinsic quantum numbers (e.g. electric charge, baryon number, and strangeness) using the method of moments. We obtain the continuity equations for multiple conserved charges as well as the conservation equations for the total energy and momentum in the single-fluid approximation. These $4+N_q$ conservation laws are closed by deriving the second-order equations of motion for the dissipative quantities in the $(10+4N_q)$-moment approximation. The resulting fluid-dynamical equations are formally similar to those of a…

8. Apparenté Pas pertinent

   Nuclear Matter and Nuclear Dynamics

   M Colonna · 2009 · Physique nucléaire théorique · Résumé IA disponible

   Résumé scientifique

   Highlights on the recent research activity, carried out by the Italian Community involved in the "Nuclear Matter and Nuclear Dynamics" field, will be presented.