The multivariate Berry-Esseen theorem with an absolute constant

Authors: Zhi Ling

Submitted to arXiv on 01 Nov. 2026
Abstract

We prove that the multivariate Berry--Esseen inequality for sums of independent random vectors holds with the same constant in every dimension. For independent centered random vectors $X_1,\ldots,X_n\in\mathbb{R}^d$ whose covariance matrices sum to $I_d$, we show that the distance between the distribution of their sum and $N(0,I_d)$, measured uniformly over convex sets, is at most $C_0\sum_{i=1}^n\mathbb{E}\|X_i\|_2^3$ for a universal constant $C_0$. The bound requires only finite third moments and holds uniformly in the dimension, the number of summands, and their distributions. It also yields the corresponding bound for independent and identically distributed vectors. In particular, $C_0$ can be chosen to be $980$.

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  6. Close* Same question Cited by this paper
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Prior work it builds on

  1. Related Another approach to the problem
    Multivariate Normal Approximation by Stein's Method: The Concentration Inequality Approach
    Louis H. Y. Chen, Xiao Fang · 2011 · arXiv: Probability · preprint, not peer reviewed · cited 40 times · Not summarized yet

    Multivariate Normal Approximation by Stein's Method bounds normal approximation for independent vector sums using a concentration-inequality approach and a dimension-dependent error.

    Abstract

    The concentration inequality approach for normal approxima- tion by Stein's method is generalized to the multivariate setting. We use this approach to prove a non-smooth function distance for multivariate normal approximation for standardized sums of k-dimensional indepen- dent random vectors W = Pn=1 Xi with an error bound of order k 1/2 where = P n=1 E|Xi| 3 . For sums of locally dependent (unbounded) ran- dom vectors, we obtain a fourth moment bound which is typically of order Ok(1/ p n), as well as a third moment bound which is typically of order

  2. Related* Groundwork for this paper
    An estimate of the remainder term in the multidimensional central limit theorem
    S. Nagaev · 1976 · cited 40 times · Not summarized yet

    An estimate of the remainder term in the multidimensional central limit theorem is earlier work on error bounds for multidimensional normal approximation.

  3. Related* Groundwork for this paper
    The accuracy of the Gaussian approximation to the sum of independent variates
    Andrew C. Berry · 1941 · Transactions of the American Mathematical Society · cited 846 times · Not summarized yet

    The accuracy of the Gaussian approximation to the sum of independent variates is earlier work on Gaussian approximation for sums of independent variables.

  4. Related* Groundwork for this paper
    On the Rate of Convergence in the Multivariate CLT
    F. Götze · 1991 · Annals of Probability · cited 335 times · Not summarized yet

    On the Rate of Convergence in the Multivariate CLT is earlier work on convergence rates in the multivariate central limit theorem.

  5. Related* Groundwork for this paper
    A Lyapunov type bound in $R^d$@@@A Lyapunov-type bound in $R^d$
    V. Bentkus, V. Bentkus · 2004 · cited 42 times · Not summarized yet

    A Lyapunov-type bound in R^d is earlier work on dimension-specific bounds for multivariate normal approximation.

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Updated on 9 November 2026.