Ultra-broadband quantum infrared spectroscopy extending to 20 {\textmu}m
Authors: Yu Mukai, Ryo Okamoto, Shigeki Takeuchi
Abstract
Quantum infrared spectroscopy (QIRS), which exploits quantum interference between photon-pair generation processes, enables infrared spectroscopy using only visible and near-infrared (VNIR) light sources and detectors. Extending the spectral coverage of QIRS into the long-wavelength infrared region up to 20 {\textmu}m is crucial for the identification and characterization of a broad range of materials. However, implementing QIRS beyond 10 {\textmu}m has been challenging because the nonlinear materials used to date do not provide suitable photon-pair sources in this spectral region. Here, we design a wavelength-tunable photon-pair source based on a gallium selenide crystal and develop a QIRS system covering a broad spectral range from 8.6 to 20 {\textmu}m. Using this system, we measure the transmittance spectrum of a polystyrene film and observe characteristic absorption bands beyond 10 {\textmu}m relevant to identifying polystyrene and to probing local chain conformation. These results demonstrate that QIRS is capable of covering the entire molecular fingerprint region.
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Closest papers
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Ultra-broadband quantum infrared spectroscopyT. Tashima, Yu Mukai, Masaya Arahata et al. · 2023 · Optica · cited 36 times · Not summarized yet
Ultra-broadband quantum infrared spectroscopy addresses broadband quantum IR measurement with photon pairs, while this paper extends the measured range to 20 µm using a GaSe source.
Abstract
Spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region is an indispensable tool for identifying molecular types in various fields, including physics, chemistry, and medical sciences. However, conventional infrared light sources, detectors, and noise from blackbody radiation have been the obstacles to miniaturization and higher sensitivity of infrared spectrometers. Quantuminfraredspectroscopy,whichusesvisibleandinfraredphotonpairsinaquantumentangledstate,hasattracted attentionasanewsensingtechnologythatenablesinfraredspectroscopywithdetectorsinthevisiblerange.However, thebandwidthofconventionalquantumentangledlightsourcesisatmost1 µ m or less, which hinders broadband measurements, which are important in spe…
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Scanless quantum Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy for solids and surface analysisPaul Gattinger, M. Conti, Franziska Dietz et al. · 2026 · Not summarized yet
Scanless quantum Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy analyzes solids and interfaces with a scanless microspectrometer, rather than measuring polystyrene across 8.6–20 µm.
Abstract
Quantum infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a novel technique based on nonlinear interferometry and quantum sensing with undetected photons. In this approach, spectrally far-separated correlated photon pairs are used for detection and probing, respectively. Hence, the probing wavelength domain (mid-IR) is substantially different from the detection spectral range (near-IR), which enables shot-noise-limited and cost-effective sensing schemes attractive for applied metrology. In this paper, we implement and employ a custom-built scanless quantum Fourier-transform mid-IR (sQFTIR) microspectrometer for chemical characterization and analysis of solids and interfaces. The sQFTIR system employs spectral-d…
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Broadband Quantum Spectroscopy at the Fingerprint Mid-Infrared RegionA. Paterova, Zi S. D. Toa, Hongzhi Yang et al. · 2022 · ACS Photonics · cited 55 times · Not summarized yet
Broadband Quantum Spectroscopy at the Fingerprint Mid-Infrared Region retrieves sample fingerprints through near-IR measurements, while this paper demonstrates coverage to 20 µm.
Abstract
Numerous molecules exhibit unique absorption bands in the “fingerprint” infrared (IR) region, allowing chemical identification and detection. This makes IR spectroscopy an essential tool in biomedical diagnostics, sensing, and material characterization. However, measurements in the IR range are challenging due to the relatively poor performance, need for cryogenic cooling, and high cost of IR light sources and photodetectors. Here, we demonstrate that the mid-IR fingerprints of the sample can be revealed from measurements in the near-IR range using conventional silicon photodetectors. Our approach relies on the quantum interference of correlated photon pairs produced in strongly frequency no…
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High Resolution Hyperspectral Quantum Infrared Imaging with Undetected PhotonsAadi Suketu Bharatia, Vidya Prakash Muppalla, Ananyaa Asthana et al. · 2026 · Not summarized yet
High Resolution Hyperspectral Quantum Infrared Imaging with Undetected Photons uses nonlinear interferometry for spectrally resolved transmission imaging around 1550 nm, rather than long-wave IR spectroscopy.
Abstract
Quantum sensing in the infrared regime often demands the use of expensive and cryogenically operated detectors. Nonlinear interferometry has paved the way for information transfer from the infrared to the near--infrared or visible regime in various quantum technologies. A particularly interesting application of these interferometers involves spectrally--resolved quantum imaging using undetected photons, enabled by the use of temperature--tunable parametric amplifiers. In this work, we demonstrate spectrally resolved transmission imaging with undetected photons around 1550 nm using a spontaneous parametric down conversion based folded nonlinear interferometric scheme, registering the attenuat…
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Undetected Photon Spectroscopy in the Long-wave and Far InfraredJing-Han Dong, Jing-Rui Zhang, Hai-Chen Zhou et al. · 2026 · cited 2 times · Not summarized yet
Undetected Photon Spectroscopy in the Long-wave and Far Infrared also extends undetected-photon spectroscopy to 20 µm, using a BGGSe-based interferometer.
Abstract
Spectroscopy with undetected photons allows the spectral response of a sample at long wavelengths to be measured through interference of a shorter-wavelength signal field, without directly detecting the light that probes the sample. Previous demonstrations of undetected-photon spectroscopy in the molecular fingerprint region have reached approximately 10.5 microns, leaving longer wavelengths largely unexplored. Here, we extend this approach to 20 microns wavelength, demonstrating infrared undetected-photon spectroscopy using a BaGa2GeSe6 (BGGSe)-based nonlinear interferometer while only the near-infrared (NIR) signal is detected using a silicon detector. Rotation of the BGGSe crystal provide…
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Quantum Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Complex Transmittance MeasurementsY. Mukai, Masaya Arahata, T. Tashima et al. · 2021 · Physical Review Applied · cited 31 times · Not summarized yet
Quantum Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Complex Transmittance Measurements develops Fourier analysis for quantum IR interferograms, a method relevant to this paper’s QFTIR measurements.
Abstract
Harnessing the quantum interference of the pair generation processes, infrared quantum spectroscopy, based on nonlinear interferometers with visible-infrared photon-pair sources, enables the extraction of the infrared optical properties of a sample through visible photon detection without the need for an infrared optical source or detector. We develop a theoretical framework for quantum Fourier-transform infrared (QFTIR) spectroscopy. The proposed Fourier analysis method, which fully utilizes the phase information in the interferogram, allows us to determine the complex transmittance and optical constants for a sample in a simple setup without the use of any dispersive optics for spectral se…
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Scanless quantum Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy for rapid high-sensitivity hyperspectral mappingPaul Gattinger, Bettina Heise, A. W. Schell et al. · 2026 · cited 3 times · Not summarized yet
Scanless quantum Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy for rapid high-sensitivity hyperspectral mapping applies scanless quantum FTIR to faster hyperspectral mapping.
Abstract
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a well-established technique for qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. Classical FTIR systems rely, however, on direct mid-infrared (mid-IR) scan-based time-domain measurements of coherence functions; thus, the signal-to-noise ratio and measurement speed are constrained by design. In this paper, we demonstrate a scanless quantum FTIR (sQFTIR) technique that exploits principles of metrology with entangled photons to circumvent the limitations inherent to classical FTIR systems. The approach exploits the interferometric nature of the sensing paradigm and relies on frequency-domain measurements performed with a static, low-gain nonline…
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Mid-IR spectroscopy with NIR grating spectrometers.P. Kaufmann, H. Chrzanowski, Aron Vanselow et al. · 2021 · Optics Express · cited 34 times · Not summarized yet
Mid-IR spectroscopy with NIR grating spectrometers uses nonlinear interferometry and nondegenerate photon pairs to perform mid-IR spectroscopy through shorter-wavelength detection.
Abstract
Mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy is a crucial workhorse for a plethora of analytical applications and is suitable for diverse materials, including gases, polymers or biological tissue. However, this technologically significant wavelength regime between 2.5-10 µm suffers from technical limitations primarily related to the large noise in mid-IR detectors and the complexity and cost of bright, broadband mid-IR light sources. Here, using highly non-degenerate, broadband photon pairs from bright spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear interferometer, we circumvent these limitations and realise spectroscopy in the mid-IR using only a visible (VIS) solid-state laser and an of…
Prior work it builds on
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Mid-IR hyperspectral imaging with undetected photonsMarlon Placke, C. Lindner, Felix Mann et al. · 2024 · Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition · cited 15 times · Not summarized yet
Mid-IR hyperspectral imaging with undetected photons combines a nonlinear interferometer and Fourier-transform spectroscopy to map polymer and biological samples.
Abstract
By combining a nonlinear interferometer in imaging-mode with Fourier-transform spectroscopy, we realize broadband mid-infrared hyperspectral acquisition with undetected photons. We demonstrate the novel imaging technique on polymer and bio-tissue samples using only near-infrared silicon-based cameras.
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Infrared spectroscopy with visible lightL. Krivitsky, D. Kalashnikov, A. Paterova et al. · 2015 · Nature Photonics · cited 380 times · Not summarized yet
Infrared spectroscopy with visible light establishes infrared spectral measurement through nonlinear interference and visible detection, the underlying approach used here.
Abstract
The refractive index and absorption coefficient of a medium in the infrared range are measured using visible spectral range components. The technique relies on nonlinear interference of infrared and visible photons, produced by down-conversion. Spectral measurements in the infrared optical range provide unique fingerprints of materials, which are useful for material analysis, environmental sensing and health diagnostics1. Current infrared spectroscopy techniques require the use of optical equipment suited for operation in the infrared range, components of which face challenges of inferior performance and high cost. Here, we develop a technique that allows spectral measurements in the infrare…
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Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography with undetected mid-infrared photonsAron Vanselow, P. Kaufmann, I. Zorin et al. · 2020 · Optica · cited 89 times · Not summarized yet
Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography with undetected mid-infrared photons uses entangled pairs and nonlinear interferometry to probe samples without detecting mid-IR photons.
Abstract
Mid-infrared light scatters much less than shorter wavelengths, allowing greatly enhanced penetration depths for optical imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, both detection and broadband sources in the mid-IR are technologically challenging. Interfering entangled photons in a nonlinear interferometer enables sensing with undetected photons making mid-IR sources and detectors obsolete. Here we implement mid-infrared frequency-domain OCT based on ultra-broadband entangled photon pairs. We demonstrate 10 ${\mu}$m axial and 20 ${\mu}$m lateral resolution 2D and 3D imaging of strongly scattering ceramic and paint samples. Together with $10^6$ times less noise sc…
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High-spectral-resolution quantum Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with pulsed laser excitationJasleen Kaur, Yu Mukai, Ryo Okamoto et al. · 2024 · Physical Review Applied · cited 8 times · Not summarized yet
High-spectral-resolution quantum Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with pulsed laser excitation applies quantum FTIR with pulsed rather than continuous-wave excitation.
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Terahertz quantum sensingMirco Kutas, B. Haase, P. Bickert et al. · 2019 · Science Advances · cited 141 times · Not summarized yet
Terahertz quantum sensing transfers information from a difficult-to-detect spectral region to visible photons, applying quantum sensing beyond infrared spectroscopy.
Abstract
Quantum sensing enables the measurement of sample properties in the terahertz frequency range by detecting visible photons. Quantum sensing is highly attractive for accessing spectral regions in which the detection of photons is technically challenging: Sample information is gained in the spectral region of interest and transferred via biphoton correlations into another spectral range, for which highly sensitive detectors are available. This is especially beneficial for terahertz radiation, where no semiconductor detectors are available and coherent detection schemes or cryogenically cooled bolometers have to be used. Here, we report on the first demonstration of quantum sensing in the terah…
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Updated on 10 November 2026.