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JWST/MIRI Finds ISM-like Amorphous Silicates in Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS
Matthew Belyakov (California Institute of Technology), Ian Wong (Space Telescope Science Institute), C. M. Lisse (Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), M. Ryleigh Davis (University of California San Diego), Bryce Bolin (Eureka Scientific), Audrey Martin (California Institute of Technology), Klaus M. Pontoppidan (California Institute of Technology), Geoffrey A. Blake (California Institute of Technology), Christine Chen (Space Telescope Science Institute), Michael E. Brown (California Institute of Technology)
Abstract: Abstract We present the first spectroscopic mineralogical analysis of the dust coma of an interstellar object (ISO) from JWST mid-infrared spectroscopy of 3I/ATLAS (3I). 3I exhibits a strong 9–11 μ m emissivity feature due to Si–O vibrational stretching modes that is commonly seen in asteroids, comets, disks, and the interstellar medium. Characterization of this 10 μ m emissivity maximum reveals that 3I’s dust composition is dominated by amorphous silicates, and that 3I is unlike solar system comets, which show significant crystalline silicate dust. Instead, 3I’s dust composition is more similar to circumstellar transition disks and the interstellar medium. We suggest 3I may have formed in a distant part of its home system out of interstellar medium–like material, without substantial incorporation of silicates condensed near its host star, unlike the mixing scenarios commonly suggested for the solar system. Alternatively, 3I’s original crystalline silicates may have been amorphized during its Gyr-long journey, although we find this alternative less likely due to 3I’s mass-loss rate and distinct 10 μ m feature as compared to observed solar system comets.