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Preperihelion CN Production Rate of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS
M. Lazzarin (University of Padua), A. Mura (University of Padua, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova), Fiorangela La Forgia (University of Padua, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie), G. Cremonese (Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, National Institute for Astrophysics), Pamela Cambianica (Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, National Institute for Astrophysics), Giovanni Munaretto (Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, National Institute for Astrophysics), A. da Silva Fariña (University of Padua), Elena Mazzotta Epifani (Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte), Simone Ieva (Astronomical Observatory of Rome, National Institute for Astrophysics), E. Dotto (Astronomical Observatory of Rome, National Institute for Astrophysics)
Abstract: Abstract We present spectroscopic observations of the third interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS obtained with the DOLORES instrument on the 3.58 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo on 2025 August 16 ( r h = 2.98 au). The spectrum revealed a red slope of 12.68% ± 0.05%/1000 Å across the 5000–8000 Å range, consistent with previous findings. Observations show the CN outgassing violet band, which yields a production rate of (4.28 ± 0.83) · 10 23 mol s −1 . We derived upper limits for C 2 and C 3 production rates since no clear detection was possible and used those to compute C 2 /CN and C 3 /CN ratios. The resulting, notably low, values of −0.86 and −1.47, respectively, for C 2 /CN and C 3 /CN ratios classify 3I as a strongly carbon-chain depleted comet in the preperihelion orbit. Notably, recent postperihelion observations found a typical solar system cometary composition, probably suggesting new innermost material being exposed to solar radiation.