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Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response
Christine N. Spencer (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jennifer Leigh McQuade (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), John A. McCulloch (National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute), Marie Vétizou (National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute), Alexandria P. Cogdill (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Md Abdul Wadud Khan (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Xiaotao Zhang (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Michael Geoffrey White (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Christine B. Peterson (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Matthew C. Wong (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Golnaz Morad (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Theresa E Rodgers (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jonathan H. Badger (National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute), Beth Ann Helmink (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Miles Cameron Andrews (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Monash University), Richard Rosario Rodrigues (Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute), Andrey Morgun (Oregon State University), Young Shin Kim (National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute), Jason Roszik (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Kristi Louise Hoffman (Baylor College of Medicine), Jiali Zheng (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Yifan Zhou (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Yusra B. Medik (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Laura M. Kahn (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Sarah B. Johnson (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Courtney W. Hudgens (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Khalida Wani (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau (Queen's University, Canadian Cancer Trials Group), Angela L. Harris (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Mohamed A. Jamal (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Erez N. Baruch (The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Eva Pérez‐Guijarro (National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute), Chi‐Ping Day (National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute), Glenn T Merlino (National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute), Barbara Pazdrak (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Brooke S. Lochmann (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Robert A. Szczepaniak Sloane (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Reetakshi Arora (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jaime E. Anderson (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Chrystia M. Zobniw (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Eliza L. Posada (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Elizabeth Sirmans (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Julie M. Simon (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Lauren Elaine Haydu (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Elizabeth M. Burton (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Linghua Wang (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Minghao Dang (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Karen Clise-Dwyer (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Sarah M. Schneider (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Thomas Chapman (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Nana-Ama A.S. Anang (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Sheila Duncan (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Joseph S. Toker (Harvard University, University of Cambridge), Jared C. Malke (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Isabella C. Glitza (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Rodabe Navroze Amaria (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Hussein A. Tawbi (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Adi K. Diab (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Michael K. Wong (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Sapna Pradyuman Patel (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Scott Eric Woodman (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Michael A. Davies (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Merrick I. Ross (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jeffrey E. Gershenwald (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jeffrey E. Lee (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Patrick Hwu (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Vanessa Behrana Jensen (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Yardena Samuels (Weizmann Institute of Science), Ravid Straussman (Weizmann Institute of Science), Nadim J. Ajami (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Kelly Carter Nelson (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Luigi Nezi (European Institute of Oncology), Joseph F. Petrosino (Baylor College of Medicine), P. Andrew Futreal (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Alexander J. Lazar (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jianhua Hu (Columbia University), Robert R. Jenq (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Michael T. Tetzlaff (University of California, San Francisco), Yan Yan (Harvard University), Wendy S. Garrett (Harvard University), Curtis Huttenhower (Broad Institute, Harvard University), Padmanee Sharma (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Stephanie S. Watowich (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), James Patrick Allison (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Lorenzo G. Cohen (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Giorgio Trinchieri (National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute), Carrie R. Daniel (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center), Jennifer Ann Wargo (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)
Abstract: Gut bacteria modulate the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment in cancer, but the effect of diet and supplements on this interaction is not well studied. We assessed fecal microbiota profiles, dietary habits, and commercially available probiotic supplement use in melanoma patients and performed parallel preclinical studies. Higher dietary fiber was associated with significantly improved progression-free survival in 128 patients on ICB, with the most pronounced benefit observed in patients with sufficient dietary fiber intake and no probiotic use. Findings were recapitulated in preclinical models, which demonstrated impaired treatment response to anti–programmed cell death 1 (anti–PD-1)–based therapy in mice receiving a low-fiber diet or probiotics, with a lower frequency of interferon-γ–positive cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Together, these data have clinical implications for patients receiving ICB for cancer.