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Terawatt-attosecond hard X-ray free-electron laser at high repetition rate

Jiawei Yan (European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser), Weilun Qin (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Ye Chen (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Winfried Decking (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Philipp Dijkstal (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Marc Walter Guetg (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Ichiro Inoue (Universität Hamburg, SPring-8), Naresh Gandhi Kujala (European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser), Shan Liu (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Tianyun Long (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Najmeh Mirian (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Gianluca Geloni (European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser)

Nature Photonics
DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01566-0 (Physics and Astronomy)
License: CC BY

Abstract: Abstract Ångstrom and attosecond are the fundamental spatiotemporal scales for electron dynamics in various materials. Although attosecond pulses with wavelengths comparable to the atomic scales are expected to be a key tool in advancing attosecond science, producing high-power hard X-ray attosecond pulses at ångstrom wavelengths remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report the generation of terawatt-scale attosecond hard X-ray pulses using a free-electron laser in a special operation mode. We achieved 9 keV single-spike X-ray pulses with a mean pulse energy of around 180 μJ, exceeding previous reports by more than an order of magnitude, and an estimated average pulse duration of 200 as at full-width at half-maximum. Exploiting the unique capability of the European XFEL, which can deliver ten pulse trains per second with each containing hundreds of pulses at megahertz repetition rates, this study demonstrates the generation of attosecond X-ray pulses at a 2.25 MHz repetition rate. These intense high-repetition-rate attosecond X-ray pulses present transformative prospects for structural and electronic damage-free X-ray measurements and attosecond time-resolved X-ray methodologies, heralding a new era in ultrafast X-ray science.

Published on 25 Nov. 2024