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Global climate modeling of the Martian water cycle. I) Improved parameterizations of physical processes

Joseph Naar (LMD), F Forget (LMD), A Bierjon (LMD), M Vals (LMD), E Millour (LMD), M Wolff (SSI), F Gonz{á}lez-Galindo (IAA-CSIC), B Richard (IRSN/PSN-EXP/SES/LMAPS)

arXiv: 2611.16760v1 (astro-ph.EP)

Abstract: We implement four new physical parameterizations relevant to the water cycle in the Mars PCM (previously Mars Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique GCM)\,: the latent heat of ground ice sublimation, a temperature-dependent nucleation scheme in cloud microphysics, differentiated albedos for water frost and perennial ice and scavenging of water ice clouds by CO2 particle formation. After a new tuning of the poorly known model parameters, we find that combining these parameterizations allows for an improved agreement of the modeled water cycle compared to Thermal Emission Spectrometer column-integrated vapor and ice retrievals. We show that latent heat cooling prevents the formation of surface liquid water at present and likely in the recent past on Mars. Using two albedos corrects the overestimation of the northern sublimation event, a major defect of the model. Our study highlights that each parameterization has indirect consequences amplified by the radiatively active clouds. We stress that the increasingly complex water cycle in the Mars PCM should be studied in the future using numerical methods tailored for climate modeling, in addition to the effect of each individual component.

Submitted to arXiv on 12 Nov. 2026