On the Possibilities of AI-Generated Text Detection
Authors: Souradip Chakraborty, Amrit Singh Bedi, Sicheng Zhu, Bang An, Dinesh Manocha, Furong Huang
AI-generated Key Points
- Authors address the challenge of distinguishing outputs generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) from those generated by humans
- Detecting AI-generated text is crucial in various applications
- It is almost always possible to detect AI-generated text unless the distributions of human and machine-generated texts are exactly the same across the entire support
- Precise sample complexity bound for AI-generated text detection is derived
- Designing more complex detectors that consider multiple samples for detection is highlighted as an area for future research
- Empirical evaluations conducted on various real and synthetic datasets to support claim about better detectors
- Theory and results align with empirical findings from OpenAI regarding sequence length
- Provides solid theoretical justification for outcomes, making authors pioneers in this aspect
- Feasibility of achieving AI-generated text detection should be feasible in most scenarios with appropriate detector design and sufficient sample sizes.
Abstract: Our work focuses on the challenge of detecting outputs generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) to distinguish them from those generated by humans. This ability is of the utmost importance in numerous applications. However, the possibility of such discernment has been the subject of debate within the community. Therefore, a central question is whether we can detect AI-generated text and, if so, when. In this work, we provide evidence that it should almost always be possible to detect AI-generated text unless the distributions of human and machine-generated texts are exactly the same over the entire support. This observation follows from the standard results in information theory and relies on the fact that if the machine text becomes more human-like, we need more samples to detect it. We derive a precise sample complexity bound of AI-generated text detection, which tells how many samples are needed to detect AI-generated text. This gives rise to additional challenges of designing more complicated detectors that take in $n$ samples for detection (rather than just one), which is the scope of future research on this topic. Our empirical evaluations on various real and synthetic datasets support our claim about the existence of better detectors, demonstrating that AI-generated text detection should be achievable in the majority of scenarios. Our theory and results align with OpenAI's empirical findings, (in relation to sequence length), and we are the first to provide a solid theoretical justification for these outcomes.
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