PerfCE: Performance Debugging on Databases with Chaos Engineering-Enhanced Causality Analysis

Authors: Zhenlan Ji, Pingchuan Ma, Shuai Wang

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PerfCE is a novel framework that utilizes chaos engineering to diagnose performance anomalies in real-world databases. Debugging such issues can be challenging due to limited observability, but causal inference techniques enable root cause analysis. Chaos engineering has been used to test complex software systems by injecting catastrophic events and testing if the system retains normal functionality. Despite its ubiquity in the industry, chaos engineering is mostly employed for software testing rather than performance debugging. PerfCE comprises an offline phase and an online phase. During the offline phase, statistical models of the target database system are learned using both passive observations and proactive chaos experiments to constitute accurate causal graphs and structural equation models (SEMs). The online phase diagnoses the root cause of monitored performance anomalies on-the-fly using these models. Causal graphs enable qualitative root cause identification while SEMs enable quantitative counterfactual analysis. The framework was evaluated on common synthetic datasets and real-world databases MySQL and TiDB, where it outperformed prior works with high accuracy and moderate cost. PerfCE's innovative usage of chaos engineering for performance debugging in databases presents a promising solution to address practical challenges in causality analysis.
AI-generated keywords: Chaos Engineering Performance Debugging Causal Graphs Structural Equation Models Counterfactual Analysis

AI-generated Key Points

  • PerfCE is a framework that uses chaos engineering to diagnose performance issues in real-world databases.
  • Debugging such issues can be difficult due to limited observability, but causal inference techniques enable root cause analysis.
  • Chaos engineering has been used for testing software systems by injecting catastrophic events and testing if the system retains normal functionality.
  • PerfCE comprises an offline phase and an online phase, where statistical models of the target database system are learned using both passive observations and proactive chaos experiments to constitute accurate causal graphs and structural equation models (SEMs).
  • The online phase diagnoses the root cause of monitored performance anomalies on-the-fly using these models.
  • Causal graphs enable qualitative root cause identification while SEMs enable quantitative counterfactual analysis.
  • The framework was evaluated on common synthetic datasets and real-world databases MySQL and TiDB, where it outperformed prior works with high accuracy and moderate cost.
  • PerfCE's innovative usage of chaos engineering for performance debugging in databases presents a promising solution to address practical challenges in causality analysis.
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Abstract: Debugging performance anomalies in real-world databases is challenging. Causal inference techniques enable qualitative and quantitative root cause analysis of performance downgrade. Nevertheless, causality analysis is practically challenging, particularly due to limited observability. Recently, chaos engineering has been applied to test complex real-world software systems. Chaos frameworks like Chaos Mesh mutate a set of chaos variables to inject catastrophic events (e.g., network slowdowns) to "stress" software systems. The systems under chaos stress are then tested using methods like differential testing to check if they retain their normal functionality (e.g., SQL query output is always correct under stress). Despite its ubiquity in the industry, chaos engineering is now employed mostly to aid software testing rather for performance debugging. This paper identifies novel usage of chaos engineering on helping developers diagnose performance anomalies in databases. Our presented framework, PERFCE, comprises an offline phase and an online phase. The offline phase learns the statistical models of the target database system, whilst the online phase diagnoses the root cause of monitored performance anomalies on the fly. During the offline phase, PERFCE leverages both passive observations and proactive chaos experiments to constitute accurate causal graphs and structural equation models (SEMs). When observing performance anomalies during the online phase, causal graphs enable qualitative root cause identification (e.g., high CPU usage) and SEMs enable quantitative counterfactual analysis (e.g., determining "when CPU usage is reduced to 45\%, performance returns to normal"). PERFCE notably outperforms prior works on common synthetic datasets, and our evaluation on real-world databases, MySQL and TiDB, shows that PERFCE is highly accurate and moderately expensive.

Submitted to arXiv on 18 Jul. 2022

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