Liquid Time-constant Networks
Authors: Ramin Hasani, Mathias Lechner, Alexander Amini, Daniela Rus, Radu Grosu
AI-generated Key Points
- Introduction of Liquid Time-constant Networks (LTCs) as a new class of time-continuous recurrent neural network models
- LTCs differ from traditional approaches by using networks of linear first-order dynamical systems modulated through nonlinear interlinked gates
- Ability of LTCs to represent dynamical systems with varying time-constants coupled to their hidden state
- LTCs exhibit stable and bounded behavior while offering superior expressivity within the family of neural ordinary differential equations
- Outperformance of LTCs compared to classical and modern recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in time-series prediction tasks
- Theoretical approach establishing bounds over the dynamics of LTCs and measuring their expressive power using trajectory length measure in latent trajectory space
- Experimental evidence showcasing the approximation capability of LTCs compared to other RNN variants in time-series prediction tasks
- Evaluation of how well continuous-time models, including LTCs, can capture physical dynamics through kinematic modeling on Half-Cheetah rollouts using a pre-trained controller for the HalfCheetah-v2 gym environment
- Exceptional performance of LTCs in capturing physical dynamics compared to other models
- Overall, Liquid Time-constant Networks are presented as an innovative approach for modeling dynamical systems with varying time constants, with improved performance in time-series prediction tasks and accurate capture of physical dynamics.
Abstract: We introduce a new class of time-continuous recurrent neural network models. Instead of declaring a learning system's dynamics by implicit nonlinearities, we construct networks of linear first-order dynamical systems modulated via nonlinear interlinked gates. The resulting models represent dynamical systems with varying (i.e., liquid) time-constants coupled to their hidden state, with outputs being computed by numerical differential equation solvers. These neural networks exhibit stable and bounded behavior, yield superior expressivity within the family of neural ordinary differential equations, and give rise to improved performance on time-series prediction tasks. To demonstrate these properties, we first take a theoretical approach to find bounds over their dynamics and compute their expressive power by the trajectory length measure in latent trajectory space. We then conduct a series of time-series prediction experiments to manifest the approximation capability of Liquid Time-Constant Networks (LTCs) compared to classical and modern RNNs. Code and data are available at https://github.com/raminmh/liquid_time_constant_networks
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