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The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey - XIII. PSR J1757-1854, the most accelerated binary pulsar
A. D. Cameron, D. J. Champion, M. Kramer, M. Bailes, E. D. Barr, S. Bhandari, N. D. R. Bhat, M. Burgay, S. Burke-Spolaor, R. P. Eatough, C. M. L. Flynn, P. C. C. Freire, A. Jameson, S. Johnston, R. Karuppusamy, M. J. Keith, L. Levin, D. R. Lorimer, A. G. Lyne, M. A. McLaughlin, C. Ng, E. Petroff, A. Possenti, A. Ridolfi, B. W. Stappers, W. van Straten, T. M. Tauris, C. Tiburzi, N. Wex
Abstract: We report the discovery of PSR J1757$-$1854, a $21.5$-ms pulsar in a highly-eccentric, $4.4$-h orbit around a neutron star (NS) companion. PSR J1757$-$1854 exhibits some of the most extreme relativistic parameters of any known pulsar, including the strongest relativistic effects due to gravitational-wave (GW) damping, with a merger time of 76 Myr. Following a 1.6-yr timing campaign, we have measured five post-Keplerian (PK) parameters, yielding the two component masses ($m_\text{p}=1.3384(9)\,\text{M}_\odot$ and $m_\text{c}=1.3946(9)\,\text{M}_\odot$) plus three tests of general relativity (GR), which the theory passes. The large mass of the NS companion provides important clues regarding the binary formation of PSR J1757$-$1854. With simulations suggesting 3-$σ$ measurements of both the contribution of Lense-Thirring precession to the rate of change of the semi-major axis and the relativistic deformation of the orbit within $\sim7-9$ years, PSR J1757$-$1854 stands out as a unique laboratory for new tests of gravitational theories.