Inherited maternal memory T cells protect offspring from respiratory viral infection through disease tolerance

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1. Proche Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Maternal mRNA Vaccination: Immunological Principles and Evidence Gaps in Infant Protection

   Aikaterini I. Nikolaou, M. Matalliotakis, F. Ladomenou · 2026 · Vaccines · Pas encore résumé

   Cette revue examine le transfert placentaire d’anticorps après vaccination maternelle, tandis que l’article étudie aussi une protection maternelle transmise par les lymphocytes T.

   Résumé scientifique

   Maternal messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination can generate maternal immunity and antibodies for passive infant protection. However, clinical evidence derives predominantly from the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, limiting generalization across the platform. This narrative review examines three questions: what determines maternal immune responses, what governs placental antibody transfer, and how immunological findings relate to infant clinical protection. Studies generally support preserved immune responsiveness during pregnancy, but associations with gestational timing are difficult to separate from dose number, previous infection, and time since antigen exposure. Transfer requires …

2. Proche Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   TFAM Dependent Mitochondrial Fitness Limits CD8+ T Cell Immunopathology and Sustains Protective Immunity during Viral Pneumonia

   Z. Navaeiseddighi, Kai Guo, S. Hasan et al. · 2026 · bioRxiv · preprint, non relu par les pairs · Pas encore résumé

   Cette étude relie la forme physique mitochondriale des lymphocytes T CD8 à l’immunopathologie pulmonaire virale, contrairement à l’article centré sur les lymphocytes T maternels transmis.

   Résumé scientifique

   During respiratory virus infections, CD8⁺ T cells kill virus-infected cells and establish antigen-specific immune memory, but excessive or dysregulated responses can also contribute to lung immunopathology. The development and maintenance of optimal CD8⁺ T cell effector and memory responses depend on mitochondrial fitness, which can be compromised across multiple physiologic and pathologic conditions. However, how impaired mitochondrial fitness affect antiviral CD8⁺ T cell responses remains poorly understood. Here, we used a CD8⁺ T cell-specific TFAM-haploinsufficient mouse model to induce moderate mitochondrial stress without the severe mitochondrial dysfunction associated with complete TFA…

3. Proche Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Trained immunity and related memory responses in lung health and disease

   Xin-Yu Sun, Dan Zhao, Lei Zhang et al. · 2026 · Frontiers in Immunology · Pas encore résumé

   Cette revue décrit la mémoire entraînée des cellules innées pulmonaires, tandis que l’article montre que des lymphocytes T mémoire maternels limitent l’inflammation pulmonaire.

   Résumé scientifique

   Immune memory has long been attributed to adaptive immunity, but trained immunity has broadened this view by showing that innate immune cells can retain altered function after prior stimulation and mount an enhanced response upon rechallenge. In the lung, prior local exposures can alter resident alveolar macrophages, whereas systemic immune stimulation can reprogramme bone-marrow progenitors and alter their myeloid output. Epithelial signals and alveolar-capillary barrier integrity help determine whether these changes protect tissue or promote injury. Reported metabolic pathways and chromatin features differ among cell types and experimental models; mTOR- and HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis and c…

4. Proche Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Trained Immunity in Childhood Vaccination

   Chenrongrong Cai, L. Hossenbaccus, Eva Kaufmann · 2026 · Acta paediatrica · cité 1 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cette revue traite de la mémoire entraînée induite par les vaccins durant l’enfance, alors que l’article étudie la transmission maternelle de lymphocytes T mémoire.

   Résumé scientifique

   Conventionally, vaccine design has focused on identifying antigens that induce durable T and B cell memory and provide long term protection against subsequent encounters with the same pathogen. Unconventionally, a growing number of epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical studies demonstrate that live vaccines, including Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG), measles‐containing vaccines, and oral polio vaccine, induce protection through trained immunity, a form of metabolically and epigenetically mediated memory in innate immune cells and their progenitors. This concept is particularly relevant during early life, when adaptive immune responses are constrained and innate immunity represents the pr…

5. Proche Autre approche du problème Pas pertinent

   Long-term immunoprophylaxis by TLR9 ligand mediates macrophage-ILC cross-talk against respiratory viral infection

   Asuka Joy Tobuse, K. Kobiyama, Jun Tsuchida et al. · 2026 · Science Advances · Pas encore résumé

   Cette étude induit une protection antivirale respiratoire par un ligand TLR9 agissant sur les macrophages et cellules lymphoïdes innées, plutôt que par des lymphocytes T maternels.

   Résumé scientifique

   Rapid development of host immunity is critical during the emergence of viral outbreaks when vaccines are not yet available. Here, we demonstrate that CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-schizophyllan complex (K3-SPG) induces antigen-independent, long-term protection against lethal respiratory virus infection. A single intranasal administration successfully enhanced host resistance to infection for as long as 100 days posttreatment. Mechanistically, we observed a lung-restricted biphasic innate activation of macrophages and innate lymphoid cells. Early protection was mediated by CD11b+CD11c+ macrophages (DP MΦ) and monocyte-derived interstitial macrophages (IMΦ). Late protection was mediated by innate l…

6. Proche* Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   The transition to postpartum lactation establishes a state of maternal antiviral resilience

   Ariana Campbell, Taylor Miller-Ensminger, M. C. Arreguin et al. · 2026 · bioRxiv · preprint, non relu par les pairs · Pas encore résumé

   Ce travail porte sur la résilience antivirale maternelle après l’accouchement, un contexte physiologique distinct de la protection antivirale transmise à la descendance.

7. Proche Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Temporal and transcriptional programming of effector memory B cells shapes vaccine platform-dependent humoral immunity

   Anoma Nellore, Christopher Fucile, Christopher D. Scharer et al. · 2026 · iScience · Pas encore résumé

   Cette étude compare les réponses des lymphocytes B mémoire après vaccination antigrippale, tandis que l’article porte sur le transfert maternel de lymphocytes T mémoire.

   Résumé scientifique

   Summary This study investigates how influenza vaccine platform shapes the memory B cell responses that underlie durable antibody protection. Using fluorescent hemagglutinin (HA) probes, the authors compared HA-specific IgD-negative B cells in adults who received either live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) or inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Both platforms induced circulating T-bet+ HA+ B cells with similar phenotypic features, but their relationship to antibody outcomes diverged sharply: while these cells track with durable IgG responses after IIV, only early (day 7–14) T-bet+ HA+ B cell frequencies predicted durable IgA responses after LAIV. Single-cell transcriptional profiling fur…

8. Proche Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Immune system ontogeny—a subtle evolution to perfection

   A. Munteanu, M. Surcel, Elena-Georgiana Dobre et al. · 2026 · Frontiers in Aging · Pas encore résumé

   Cette revue décrit l’immaturité immunitaire des nouveau-nés, qui constitue le contexte de vulnérabilité étudié dans l’article.

   Résumé scientifique

   It is well known that both innate and adaptive immune systems in newborns are immature, making them highly susceptible to infection. Additionally, pre-term newborns with hindered immune systems are more prone to increased mortality and morbidity. Newborns are capable of mounting adaptive immune responses, but their capability to develop long-lasting immunity is limited. Thus, the fetus and newborn’s immune system is considered “immature” due to functional disorders in immune response or suppression by regulatory cells. Aging is another factor that leads to impaired immune responses due to a state of chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), which compromises defense against pathogens an…