Coordinated Space and Ground Monitoring of Accretion Bursts in a Protoplanetary Disk: MIRI and iSHELL observe the long-term modulation of gas within a small inner disk cavity
Auteurs : Jacob Hyden, Andrea Banzatti, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, Sebastiaan Krijt, Till Kaeufer, Klaus M. Pontoppidan, Carlo F. Manara, Christian Rab, John M. McCaskill, Guillaume Bourdarot, Emma T. Whelan, Joan Najita, Adrien Houge, Adwin Boogert, Catherine Dougados, Myriam Benisty, James Muzerolle Page
Résumé scientifique
DQ Tau is a TTauri eccentric binary with pulsed accretion bursts regulated by its $\sim 16$-day orbital period. We have monitored this system with seven instruments from ground and space over 40 days. We present results on molecular gas variability from nine JWST-MIRI and nine IRTF-iSHELL epochs over three sequential accretion bursts with accretion luminosity pulses increasing by factors of $\sim 9$-80. A fundamental new measurement from this analysis is the line broadening of CO (from iSHELL) and H$_2$O (from MIRI) lines, which we use to estimate Keplerian radii and their variability in parallel to the line luminosity. This unprecedented dataset clearly shows that the molecular emission does not react like HI and the 5-$μ$m continuum with each accretion burst: the line luminosity and width of all hot molecular gas tracers decrease over $\sim30$-35 days, consistent with an emitting region decreasing in temperature and mass as it recedes to larger radii within the $\sim 0.2$-0.4 au inner cavity perturbed by the binary. The infrared molecular spectrum of DQ Tau is affected more by disk dynamics then by chemical changes triggered by variable accretion, supporting model expectations for chemical relaxation timescales that are much longer than the duration of these accretion bursts ($\gg 10$ days). The variability observed in all tracers in this study is consistent with a scenario where gas mass builds up near the disk edge to modulate the burst peak intensity and gas density in the inner cavity every $\sim4$-5 orbital periods. The origin of this modulation is still unclear.
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Time-resolved protoplanetary disk physics in DQ Tau with JWSTÁ. Kóspál, P. Ábrahám, V. V. Akimkin et al. · 2025 · A&A 703, A20 (2025) · cité 2 fois · Résumé IA disponible
« Time-resolved protoplanetary disk physics in DQ Tau with JWST » étudie la réponse du disque de DQ Tau aux variations périodiques d’accrétion avec une campagne multi-longueurs d’onde.
Résumé scientifique
Accretion variability is ubiquitous in YSOs. While large outbursts may strongly affect the disk, the effects of moderate bursts are less understood. We aim to study the physical response of the disk around the eccentric binary system DQ Tau to its periodic accretion changes. We organized a multi-wavelength campaign centered on four JWST/MIRI spectra. We targeted three periastrons (high accretion state) and one apastron (quiescence). We used optical and near-infrared spectroscopy and photometry to measure how the accretion luminosity varies. We decomposed the multi-epoch SEDs into stellar, accretion, and rim components. We fitted the solid-state features using various opacity curves and the m…
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Testing planet formation from the ultraviolet to the millimeterNick Choksi, Eugene Chiang · 2021 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · cité 3 fois · Résumé IA disponible
« Testing planet formation from the ultraviolet to the millimeter » estime l’accrétion de planètes supposées dans des lacunes de disques, plutôt que la variabilité du gaz de DQ Tau.
Résumé scientifique
Gaps imaged in protoplanetary discs are suspected to be opened by planets. We compute the present-day mass accretion rates $\dot{M}_{\rm p}$ of seven hypothesized gap-embedded planets, plus the two confirmed planets in PDS 70, by combining disc gas surface densities $\Sigma_{\rm gas}$ from C$^{18}$O observations with planet masses $M_{\rm p}$ from simulations fitted to observed gaps. Assuming accretion is Bondi-like, we find in eight out of nine cases that $\dot{M}_{\rm p}$ is consistent with the time-averaged value given by the current planet mass and system age, $M_{\rm p}/t_{\rm age}$. As system ages are comparable to circumstellar disc lifetimes, these gap-opening planets may be undergoi…
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Résumé scientifique
The coevolution of T Tauri stars and their surrounding protoplanetary disks dictates the timescales of planet formation. In this paper, we present magnetospheric accretion and inner disk wall model fits to NUV-NIR spectra of nine classical T Tauri stars in Orion OB1b as part of the Outflows and Disks around Young Stars: Synergies for the Exploration of ULLYSES Spectra (ODYSSEUS) Survey. Using NUV-optical spectra from the Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) Director's Discretionary Program and optical-NIR spectra from the PENELLOPE VLT Large Programme, we find that the accretion rates of these targets are relatively high for the region's intermediate age o…
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The hybrid disks: a search and study to better understand evolution of disksJ. Pericaud, E. Di Folco, A. Dutrey et al. · 2016 · A&A 600, A62 (2017) · cité 33 fois · Résumé IA disponible
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Résumé scientifique
The increased sensitivity of millimeter-wave facilities now makes possible the detection of low amounts of gas in debris disks. Some of the gas-rich debris disks harbor peculiar properties, with possible pristine gas and secondary generated dust. The origin of the gas in these hybrid disks is strongly debated and the current sample is too sparse to understand this phenomenon. More detections are necessary to increase the statistics on this population. Lying at the final stages of evolution of proto-planetary disks and at the beginning of the debris disk phase, these objects could provide new insight into the processes involved in the making of planetary systems. We carried out a deep survey …
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Résumé scientifique
We present ISO-SWS observations of H2 pure-rotational line emission from the disks around low and intermediate mass pre-main-sequence stars as well as from young stars thought to be surrounded by debris disks. We detect `warm' (T ~ 100-200 K) H2 gas around many sources, including tentatively the debris-disk objects. The mass of this warm gas ranges from ~1E-4 Solar mass up to 8E-3 Solar mass, and can constitute a non-negligible fraction of the total disk mass. Complementary single-dish 12CO 3-2, 13CO 3-2 and 12CO 6-5 observations have been obtained as well. These transitions probe cooler gas at T ~ 20-80 K. Most objects show a double-peaked CO emission profile characteristic of a disk in Kep…
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MINDS. The detection of $^{13}$CO$_{2}$ with JWST-MIRI indicates abundant CO$_{2}$ in a protoplanetary diskSierra L. Grant, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Benoît Tabone et al. · 2022 · Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · cité 62 fois · Résumé IA disponible
« MINDS. The detection of ¹³CO₂ with JWST-MIRI indicates abundant CO₂ in a protoplanetary disk » caractérise les molécules du disque interne de GW Lup avec des spectres MIRI.
Résumé scientifique
We present JWST-MIRI MRS spectra of the protoplanetary disk around the low-mass T Tauri star GW Lup from the MIRI mid-INfrared Disk Survey (MINDS) GTO program. Emission from $^{12}$CO$_{2}$, $^{13}$CO$_{2}$, H$_{2}$O, HCN, and C$_{2}$H$_{2}$ is identified in this disk with $^{13}$CO$_{2}$ being detected for the first time in a protoplanetary disk. We characterize the chemical and physical conditions in the inner few au of the GW Lup disk using these molecules as probes. The spectral resolution of JWST-MIRI MRS paired with high signal-to-noise data is essential to identify these species and determine their column densities and temperatures. The $Q$-branches of these molecules, including those…
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CO gaps in cold transition disks around low-mass starsA. A. Rota, N. van der Marel, E. F. van Dishoeck et al. · 2026 · Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Résumé IA disponible
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En bref
Dans trois disques de transition froids, le CO s’étend dans les cavités de poussière, tandis qu’aucun disque interne poussiéreux n’est détecté.
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Résumé scientifique
Context: Very low-mass stars (M_⋆<0.2M_⊙) are known to host a larger fraction of terrestrial planets compared to higher mass stars. Studying the structure of their protoplanetary disk is therefore crucial to understanding the formation of Earth-like planets. Aims: In this work, we aim to characterize the innermost regions of the disk around a known very low-mass star, 2MASS J16053215-1933159 (J1605 hereafter), by analyzing new JWST/NIRSpec observations taken in 2024, two years after the first observation with JWST/MIRI in 2022. We intend to investigate the atomic and molecular emission in both spectra to establish a global view of the system and study its variability. Methods: After identify…
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