Near-Quantum-Limited Readout for the Princeton Axion Search using a sub-GHz Kinetic Inductance Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier

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1. Très proche Même méthode, autre problème Cité par cet article Pas pertinent

   Operation of Unshielded Kinetic-Inductance Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers in Multi-Tesla Fields

   C. Boutan, Erik W. Lentz, C. Shiu et al. · 2026 · arXiv.org · preprint, non relu par les pairs · cité 1 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet amplificateur KI-TWPA est testé en champs de plusieurs teslas, tandis que l’article caractérise la résistance au champ magnétique d’un KI-TWPA sub-GHz.

   Résumé scientifique

   Cryogenic parametric amplifiers are used to amplify radio-frequency signals for a range of applications in basic and applied science. Both Josephson Parametric Amplifiers and Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers have been used as first-stage amplifiers enabling readout chains operating within a few quanta of the quantum limit. However, these devices are highly sensitive to magnetic fields, having critical current suppressed by the Fraunhofer effect, requiring substantial field-free zones. In a dark matter axion search experiment, axions convert to detectable microwave photons in the presence of a strong magnetic field, necessitating amplifiers that can reliably operate close to the…

2. Très proche Même méthode, autre problème Cité par cet article Utilisé en profondeur par cet article Pas pertinent

   Kinetic Inductance Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers Near the Quantum Limit: Methodology and Characterization

   L. Howe, Andrea Giachero, M. Vissers et al. · 2025 · cité 7 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article conçoit et caractérise des KI-TWPA à inductance cinétique, comme l’amplificateur sub-GHz étudié ici.

   Résumé scientifique

   We present a detailed simulation and design framework for realizing traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) using the nonlinear kinetic inductance of disordered superconductors -- in our case niobium-titanium-nitride (NbTiN). These kinetic inductance TWPAs (KITs) operate via three-wave mixing (3WM) to achieve high broadband gain and near-quantum-limited (nQL) noise. Representative fabricated devices -- realized using an inverted microstrip (IMS), dispersion-engineered, artificial transmission line -- demonstrate power gains above 25 dB, bandwidths beyond 3 GHz, and achieve ultimate system noise levels of 1.1 quanta even when operated with no magnetic shielding. These performance metrics…

3. Très proche Même méthode, autre problème Cité par cet article Pas pertinent

   A 4–8 GHz kinetic inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier using four-wave mixing with near quantum-limited noise performance

   F. Faramarzi, R. Stephenson, S. Sypkens et al. · 2024 · APL Quantum · cité 34 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet amplificateur KI-TWPA à mélange quatre ondes fonctionne entre 4 et 8 GHz, contre 300 à 700 MHz dans l’article.

   Résumé scientifique

   Kinetic inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (KI-TWPAs) have a wide instantaneous bandwidth with a near quantum-limited noise performance and a relatively high dynamic range. Because of this, they are suitable readout devices for cryogenic detectors and superconducting qubits and have a variety of applications in quantum sensing. This work discusses the design, fabrication, and performance of a KI-TWPA based on four-wave mixing in a NbTiN microstrip transmission line. This device amplifies a signal band from 4 to 8 GHz without contamination from image tones, which are produced in a separate higher frequency band. The 4–8 GHz band is commonly used to read out cryogenic detectors, s…

4. Très proche Autre approche du problème Cité par cet article Pas pertinent

   A Sub-GHz Impedance-Engineered Parametric Amplifier for the Readout of Sensors and Quantum Dots

   V. Vesterinen, S. Simbierowicz, R. Jabdaraghi et al. · 2022 · IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity · cité 5 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article élargit la bande d’un amplificateur Josephson à 600 MHz pour lire des capteurs et des points quantiques, plutôt que d’utiliser un KI-TWPA.

   Résumé scientifique

   In the work on superconducting parametric amplifiers, the frequency band below one gigahertz is calling for systematic improvements. Despite a prospect for ultralow added noise, bandwidth limitations have slowed down the integration of such amplifiers into sub-GHz experiments demanding fast ($< 1\, \mu$s) readout speeds. Here, we study the impedance engineering of a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) at 600 MHz. We propose, simulate and experimentally demonstrate a partially reconfigurable impedance transformer. The transformer enhances the JPA bandwidth to a state-of-the-art value of 10 MHz at 20 dB gain. Our amplifier has immediate applications in the readout of cryogenic sen…

5. Très proche Même méthode, autre problème Cité par cet article Pas pertinent

   Wide-band parametric amplifier readout and resolution of optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors

   N. Zobrist, B. Eom, P. Day et al. · 2019 · Applied Physics Letters · cité 65 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article emploie un amplificateur paramétrique à onde progressive par inductance cinétique pour améliorer la lecture de détecteurs MKID optiques.

   Résumé scientifique

   The energy resolution of a single photon counting Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) can be degraded by noise coming from the primary low temperature amplifier in the detector's readout system. Until recently, quantum limited amplifiers have been incompatible with these detectors due to dynamic range, power, and bandwidth constraints. However, we show that a kinetic inductance based traveling wave parametric amplifier can be used for this application and reaches the quantum limit. The total system noise for this readout scheme was equal to ~2.1 in units of quanta. For incident photons in the 800 to 1300 nm range, the amplifier increased the average resolving power of the detector f…

6. Très proche Même méthode, autre problème Cité par cet article Pas pertinent

   Kinetic inductance traveling-wave amplifiers for multiplexed qubit readout

   L. Ranzani, M. Bal, K. Fong et al. · 2018 · Applied Physics Letters · cité 51 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article caractérise un amplificateur KIT pour la lecture multiplexée de qubits, tandis que l’étude porte sur sa lecture sub-GHz pour la recherche d’axions.

   Résumé scientifique

   We describe a kinetic inductance traveling-wave (KIT) amplifier suitable for superconducting quantum information measurements and characterize its wideband scattering and noise properties. We use mechanical microwave switches to calibrate the four amplifier scattering parameters up to the device input and output connectors at the dilution refrigerator base temperature and a tunable temperature load to characterize the amplifier noise. Finally, we demonstrate the high fidelity simultaneous dispersive readout of two superconducting transmon qubits. The KIT amplifier provides low-noise amplification of both readout tones with readout fidelities of 83% and 89% and negligible effect on qubit life…

7. Très proche Même méthode, autre problème Cité par cet article Pas pertinent

   Magnetic Field-Resilient Quantum-Limited Parametric Amplifier

   Ming-Rui Xu, Risheng Cheng, Yufeng Wu et al. · 2022 · PRX Quantum · cité 47 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet amplificateur paramétrique à inductance cinétique vise une amplification résistante au champ magnétique, caractéristique également mesurée dans l’article.

   Résumé scientifique

   Superconducting parametric amplifiers are crucial components in microwave quantum circuits for enabling quantum-limited signal readout. The best-performing such amplifiers are often based on Josephson junctions, which however are sensitive to magnetic fields. Therefore, they require magnetic shields and are not easily integratable with other quantum systems that operates within magnetic fields, such as spin ensemble quantum memories. To tackle this challenge, we have developed a kinetic inductance-based parametric amplifier featuring a NbN nanobridge instead of Josephson Junctions, which provides the desired nonlinearity for a strong parametric gain up to 42 dB. The added noise of this nanob…

8. Très proche Même question Cité par cet article Pas pertinent

   Dark matter axion search using a Josephson Traveling wave parametric amplifier.

   C. Bartram, T. Braine, R. Cervantes et al. · 2021 · Review of Scientific Instruments · cité 96 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article utilise un amplificateur à onde progressive pour rechercher la matière noire axionique, comme l’application visée par l’étude sub-GHz.

   Résumé scientifique

   We describe the first implementation of a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) in an axion dark matter search. The operation of the JTWPA for a period of about two weeks achieved sensitivity to axion-like particle dark matter with axion-photon couplings above 10-13 Ge V-1 over a narrow range of axion masses centered around 19.84 µeV by tuning the resonant frequency of the cavity over the frequency range of 4796.7-4799.5 MHz. The JTWPA was operated in the insert of the axion dark matter experiment as part of an independent receiver chain that was attached to a 0.56-l cavity. The ability of the JTWPA to deliver high gain over a wide (3 GHz) bandwidth has engendered interest fr…

Les travaux antérieurs sur lesquels il s’appuie

1. Proche* Même méthode, autre problème Utilisé en profondeur par cet article Pas pertinent

   Near-quantum-limited subgigahertz TiN kinetic inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier operating in a frequency-translating mode

   F. Faramarzi, S. Sypkens, R. Stephenson et al. · 2025 · Physical Review Applied · cité 2 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article présente un amplificateur sub-GHz à onde progressive par inductance cinétique, proche par méthode et fréquence de celui étudié ici.

2. Proche Contexte plus large Pas pertinent

   Accelerating dark-matter axion searches with quantum measurement technology

   Huai-Xiu Zheng, M. Silveri, R. T. Brierley et al. · 2016 · arXiv: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · preprint, non relu par les pairs · cité 49 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article examine comment les mesures quantiques peuvent accélérer les recherches d’axions, contexte d’application de l’amplificateur étudié.

   Résumé scientifique

   The axion particle, a consequence of an elegant hypothesis that resolves the strong-CP problem of quantum chromodynamics, is a plausible origin for cosmological dark matter. In searches for axionic dark matter that detect the conversion of axions to microwave photons, the quantum noise associated with microwave vacuum fluctuations will soon limit the rate at which parameter space is searched. Here we show that this noise can be partially overcome either by squeezing the quantum vacuum using recently developed Josephson parametric devices, or by using superconducting qubits to count microwave photons. The recently demonstrated ability of superconducting qubits to make QND measurements of micr…

3. Proche Même méthode, autre problème Pas pertinent

   A travelling-wave parametric amplifier and converter

   M. Malnou, B. T. Miller, J. A. Estrada et al. · 2025 · Nature Electronics · cité 18 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article présente un amplificateur et convertisseur paramétrique à onde progressive pour la lecture de qubits, avec des enjeux de bruit et de circulation des signaux.

   Résumé scientifique

   High-fidelity qubit measurement is a critical element of all quantum computing architectures. In superconducting systems, qubits are typically measured by probing a readout resonator with a weak microwave tone that must be amplified before reaching the room-temperature electronics. Superconducting parametric amplifiers have been widely adopted as the first amplifier in the chain, primarily because of their low-noise performance, approaching the quantum limit. However, they require isolators and circulators to route signals up the measurement chain and to protect qubits from amplified noise. Although these commercial components are wideband and simple to use, their intrinsic loss, size and ma…

4. Proche Données, outil ou méthode en commun Utilisé en profondeur par cet article Pas pertinent

   Low-noise cryogenic microwave amplifier characterization with a calibrated noise source.

   M. Malnou, T. Larson, J. D. Teufel et al. · 2023 · Review of Scientific Instruments · cité 29 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article décrit la caractérisation du bruit des amplificateurs cryogéniques avec une source calibrée, méthode de mesure employée dans l’étude.

   Résumé scientifique

   Parametric amplifiers have become a workhorse in superconducting quantum computing; however, research and development of these devices has been hampered by inconsistent and, sometimes, misleading noise performance characterization methodologies. The concepts behind noise characterization are deceptively simple, and there are many places where one can make mistakes, either in measurement or in interpretation and analysis. In this article, we cover the basics of noise performance characterization and the special problems it presents in parametric amplifiers with limited power handling capability. We illustrate the issues with three specific examples: a high-electron mobility transistor amplifi…

5. Proche Même méthode, autre problème Pas pertinent

   Traveling wave parametric amplifier with Josephson junctions using minimal resonator phase matching

   T. White, J. Mutus, I. Hoi et al. · 2015 · Applied Physics Letters · cité 180 fois · Pas encore résumé

   Cet article réalise un amplificateur paramétrique à onde progressive avec jonctions Josephson, autre implémentation de la méthode utilisée pour l’amplification à faible bruit.

   Résumé scientifique

   Josephson parametric amplifiers have become a critical tool in superconducting device physics due to their high gain and quantum-limited noise. Traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) promise similar noise performance, while allowing for significant increases in both bandwidth and dynamic range. We present a TWPA device based on an LC-ladder transmission line of Josephson junctions and parallel plate capacitors using low-loss amorphous silicon dielectric. Crucially, we have inserted λ/4 resonators at regular intervals along the transmission line in order to maintain the phase matching condition between pump, signal, and idler and increase gain. We achieve an average gain of 12 dB across…