Pretraining Knows What, Simulation Teaches How: Compositional Generalization in a Sim-Trained Robot Agent

Auteurs : Benjamin Pikus, Daniel Saunders, Mircea Mironenco, Salman Mohammadi, Mathew Mathew, Sirou Zhu, Divya Makkar, Xuhua Huang, Qinbo Li, Supreeth Narasimhaswamy, Siyuan Cen, Thomas Neff, Dejia Xu, Shyamal Buch

Soumis à arXiv le 26 Oct. 2026
Licence : non indiquée (tous droits réservés)
Résumé scientifique

A robot policy needs to understand what a task is asking for in a scene, and how to move the robot to accomplish that task. To achieve these two skills, we introduce Zero-real Agent Policy (ZAP), a recipe that teaches a small off-the-shelf vision-language model to control a robot via a simple tool harness. We use a pretrained 27B parameter model to bootstrap world understanding and reasoning, followed by supervised fine-tuning and GRPO on simple simulated tasks to teach it how to move the robot. Without any real-world robot data during training, ZAP reaches 96.7% success on real-world tasks, matching GPT-6 Astra in our harness and outperforming the MolmoAct2 VLA (33.3%), while running 3x faster and 17x cheaper than GPT-6 Astra. We demonstrate that ZAP also generalizes to completely new objects, goals, strategies, and language by seating a test tube in a rack (and choosing a different hole in the rack when prompted), handing a test tube between arms mid-air, drawing an X on a tic-tac-toe board, and playing chess. These goals and types of manipulation don't appear in our training data. Furthermore, ZAP also transfers to an unseen embodiment. On a single-arm Franka, ZAP reaches 55.9% on RoboLab-120, 4.9 percentage points ahead of the leading VLA/WAM baseline.

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    Robots Need More than VLA and World Models soutient que les politiques robotiques doivent exploiter des données comportementales non structurées, dont les simulations, pour obtenir une supervision ancrée.

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  2. Proche Contexte plus large Cité par cet article
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  3. Proche Autre approche du problème
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  4. Proche Autre approche du problème Cité par cet article
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    Résumé scientifique

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  5. Proche Autre approche du problème
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    Résumé scientifique

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  6. Proche Autre approche du problème
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    Résumé scientifique

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  7. Proche Même question Cité par cet article
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    Résumé scientifique

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  8. Proche Même question Cité par cet article
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Les travaux antérieurs sur lesquels il s’appuie

  1. Proche Autre approche du problème Utilisé en profondeur par cet article
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  2. Proche Même question
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  3. Proche Autre approche du problème
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    Résumé scientifique

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  4. Proche Données, outil ou méthode en commun
    Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulation
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    SIMPLER fournit des environnements simulés pour évaluer des politiques de manipulation sur robot réel, et ZAP évalue notamment sa politique sur des tâches réelles.

    Résumé scientifique

    The field of robotics has made significant advances towards generalist robot manipulation policies. However, real-world evaluation of such policies is not scalable and faces reproducibility challenges, which are likely to worsen as policies broaden the spectrum of tasks they can perform. We identify control and visual disparities between real and simulated environments as key challenges for reliable simulated evaluation and propose approaches for mitigating these gaps without needing to craft full-fidelity digital twins of real-world environments. We then employ these approaches to create SIMPLER, a collection of simulated environments for manipulation policy evaluation on common real robot …

  5. Proche Autre approche du problème
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    Résumé scientifique

    Training general robotic policies from heterogeneous data for different tasks is a significant challenge. Existing robotic datasets vary in different modalities such as color, depth, tactile, and proprioceptive information, and collected in different domains such as simulation, real robots, and human videos. Current methods usually collect and pool all data from one domain to train a single policy to handle such heterogeneity in tasks and domains, which is prohibitively expensive and difficult. In this work, we present a flexible approach, dubbed Policy Composition, to combine information across such diverse modalities and domains for learning scene-level and task-level generalized manipulat…

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