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Résumé : From the discovery of DNA to the development of highly precise and versatile molecular tools to modify it, gene editing has evolved to radically transform how we fight cancer and genetic diseases. This chapter describes key milestones that led to CRISPR-based technologies becoming specific tools for genome editing. Techniques based on Cas9 nuclease, base editing, prime editing, and click editing now enable accurate ex vivo and in vivo gene corrections. The expansion to other CRISPR orthologs allows for more diverse genetic modifications. These breakthroughs offer hope for addressing both monogenic and complex disorders. Despite constant progress, ongoing research is required to manage off-target effects and collateral damage that may co-occur during the gene-editing process.