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A Uniform Analysis of Debris Disks with the Gemini Planet Imager. I. An Empirical Search for Perturbations from Planetary Companions in Polarized Light Images
Katie A. Crotts (University of Victoria), Brenda C. Matthews (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council Canada), Gaspard Duchêne (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble), Thomas M. Esposito (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, University of California, Berkeley), Ruobing Dong (University of Victoria), Justin Hom (University of Arizona), Rebecca Oppenheimer (American Museum of Natural History), Malena Rice (Yale University), Schuyler Grace Wolff (University of Arizona), Christine Chen (Space Telescope Science Institute), Clarissa R. Do Ó (University of San Diego, University of California San Diego), Paul Kalas (FORTH Institute of Astrophysics, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), Briley L Lewis (University of California, Los Angeles), Alycia J. Weinberger (Carnegie Institution for Science, Earth and Planets Laboratory), David J. Wilner (Smithsonian Institution, Harvard University), Mark Ammons (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), Pauline Arriaga (University of California, Los Angeles), Robert J. De Rosa (European Southern Observatory, European Southern Observatory), John H. Debes (Space Telescope Science Institute), Michael P. Fitzgerald (University of California, Los Angeles), Eileen C. Gonzales (Cornell University, San Francisco State University), Dean C. Hines (Space Telescope Science Institute), Sasha Hinkley (University of Exeter), A. Meredith Hughes (Wesleyan University), Ludmilla Kolokolova (University of Maryland, College Park), Eve J. Lee (Trottier Space Institute at McGill, McGill University), Ronald López (University of California, Los Angeles), Bruce Macintosh (University of California, Santa Cruz), Johan Mazoyer (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Cité), Stanimir Metchev (Western University), Maxwell A. Millar‐Blanchaer (University of California, Santa Barbara), Eric L. Nielsen (New Mexico State University), Jenny Patience (Arizona State University), Marshall D. Perrin (Space Telescope Science Institute), Laurent A. Pueyo (Space Telescope Science Institute), Fredrik T. Rantakyrö (NSF NOIRLab, International Gemini Observatory), Bin B. Ren (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur), Glenn Schneider (University of Arizona), Rémi Soummer (Space Telescope Science Institute), Christopher C. Stark (Goddard Space Flight Center)
Résumé : Abstract The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) has excelled in imaging debris disks in the near-infrared. The GPI Exoplanet Survey imaged 24 debris disks in polarized H-band light, while other programs observed half of these disks in polarized J and/or K1 bands. Using these data, we present a uniform analysis of the morphology of each disk to find asymmetries suggestive of perturbations, particularly those due to planet–disk interactions. The multiwavelength surface brightness, disk color, and geometry permit the identification of any asymmetries such as warps or disk offsets from the central star. We find that 19 of the disks in this sample exhibit asymmetries in surface brightness, disk color, disk geometry, or a combination of the three, suggesting that for this sample, perturbations, as seen in scattered light, are common. The relationship between these perturbations and potential planets in the system is discussed. We also explore correlations among stellar temperatures, ages, disk properties, and observed perturbations. We find significant trends between the vertical aspect ratio and the stellar temperature, disk radial extent, and the dust grain size distribution power law, q. We also confirm a trend between the disk color and stellar effective temperature, where the disk becomes increasingly red/neutral with increasing temperature. Such results have important implications for the evolution of debris disk systems around stars of various spectral types.