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CLINICO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SLEEP IN THE CONDITIONS OF SPACE FLIGHT
G. V. Kovrov (Institute of Biomedical Problems), A. V. Vlasova (Institute of Biomedical Problems), O. N. Isaeva (Institute of Biomedical Problems)
Résumé : Sleep disorders carry the risk to health and safety of cosmonauts during space missions. The review considers the data about incidence, mechanisms and strategies for sleep disorders management based on analysis of the evidence collected in the NASA shuttles and ISS missions. It was shown that up to 94 % crew members experience sleep disorders and use sleeping drugs quite often. Key changes in the sleep structure include shortening of the REM and deep sleep, and total sleep duration. The main contributing factors are microgravity, desynchronization of circadian rhythms, noise, stresses and heavy workload. The present sleep management strategies consist of the work-rest schedule optimization, nonmedication methods and drugs. In future, the central role will be played by innovative technologies of the functional activities diagnostics integrated into the sleep-wakefulness cycle and maintaining adequate efficiency of crews in remote space missions, such as to the Moon and Mars.