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Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy
Zehua Li (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Sichuan University), Weixi Xiong (Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University), Liang Wei Zhu (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, University of Oxford), Jinyu Wang (West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University), Ziyi Zeng (West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University), Damian Kołat (Medical University of Lodz), Xi Li (Churchill Hospital), Dong Zhou (Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University), Xuewen Xu (Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University), Lin-Yong Zhao (Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University)
Résumé : The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of human diseases, especially cancer. In recent decades, there has been accumulating evidence of the connections between the gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the functional role of the gut microbiota in regulating immune responses to cancer immunotherapy is crucial for developing precision medicine. In this review, we extract insights from state-of-the-art research to decipher the complicated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, the systemic immune system, and immunotherapy in the context of cancer. Additionally, as the gut microbiota can account for immune-related adverse events, we discuss potential interventions to minimize these adverse effects and discuss the clinical application of five microbiota-targeted strategies that precisely increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, as the gut microbiota holds promising potential as a target for precision cancer immunotherapeutics, we summarize current challenges and provide a general outlook on future directions in this field.