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Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients
Diwakar Davar (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Amiran Dzutsev (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), John A. McCulloch (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Richard Rosario Rodrigues (Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute), Joë-Marc Chauvin (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Robert M. Morrison (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Richelle N. Deblasio (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Carmine Menna (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Quanquan Ding (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Ornella Pagliano (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Bochra Zidi (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Shuowen Zhang (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Jonathan H. Badger (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Marie Vétizou (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Alicia M. Cole (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Miriam R. Fernandes (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Stephanie M. Prescott (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Raquel Costa (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Ascharya K. Balaji (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Andrey Morgun (Oregon State University), Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin (National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), Hong Wang (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Amir Ali Borhani (University of Pittsburgh), Marc B. Schwartz (University of Pittsburgh), Howard M. Dubner (University of Pittsburgh), Scarlett J. Ernst (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Amy E. Rose (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Yana George Najjar (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Yasmine Belkaid (National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), John M. Kirkwood (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center), Giorgio Trinchieri (National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research), Hassane M. Zarour (University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center)
Résumé : New fecal microbiota for cancer patients The composition of the gut microbiome influences the response of cancer patients to immunotherapies. Baruch et al. and Davar et al. report first-in-human clinical trials to test whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can affect how metastatic melanoma patients respond to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy (see the Perspective by Woelk and Snyder). Both studies observed evidence of clinical benefit in a subset of treated patients. This included increased abundance of taxa previously shown to be associated with response to anti–PD-1, increased CD8 + T cell activation, and decreased frequency of interleukin-8–expressing myeloid cells, which are involved in immunosuppression. These studies provide proof-of-concept evidence for the ability of FMT to affect immunotherapy response in cancer patients. Science , this issue p. 602 , p. 595 ; see also p. 573