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Scale Invariance of a Spherical Unitary Fermi Gas
Lu Wang (Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences), Xiangchuan Yan (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS), Jing Min (Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences), Dali Sun (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS), Xin Xie (Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shi-Guo Peng (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS), Mingsheng Zhan (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS), Kaijun Jiang (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS)
Résumé : A unitary Fermi gas in an isotropic harmonic trap is predicted to show scale and conformal symmetry that have important consequences in its thermodynamic and dynamical properties. By experimentally realizing a unitary Fermi gas in an isotropic harmonic trap, we demonstrate its universal expansion dynamics along each direction and at different temperatures. We show that as a consequence of SO(2,1) symmetry, the measured release energy is equal to that of the trapping energy. We further observe the breathing mode with an oscillation frequency twice the trapping frequency and a small damping rate, providing the evidence of SO(2,1) symmetry. In addition, away from resonance when scale invariance is broken, we determine the effective exponent γ that relates the chemical potential and average density along the BEC-BCS crossover, which qualitatively agrees with the mean field predictions. This Letter opens the possibility of studying nonequilibrium dynamics in a conformal invariant system in the future.