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Radiation damage in protein serial femtosecond crystallography using an x-ray free-electron laser
Lukas Lomb (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Thomas R. M. Barends (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Stephan Kassemeyer (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Andrew Aquila (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Sascha W. Epp (Max Planck Society, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Benjamin Erk (Max Planck Society, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), L. Foucar (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Robert Hartmann (PNSensor (Germany)), Benedikt Rudek (Max Planck Society, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Daniel Rolles (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Artem Rudenko (Max Planck Society, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Robert L. Shoeman (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Jakob Andreasson (Uppsala University), S. Bajt (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Miriam Barthelmeß (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Anton Barty (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Michael J. Bogan (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), Christoph Bostedt (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Linac Coherent Light Source), John D. Bozek (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Linac Coherent Light Source), Carl Caleman (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Ryan Coffee (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Linac Coherent Light Source), N. Coppola (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Daniel P. DePonte (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), R. Bruce Doak (Arizona State University), Tomas Ekeberg (Uppsala University), Holger Fleckenstein (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Petra Fromme (Arizona State University), Maike Gebhardt (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research), Heinz Graafsma (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Lars Gumprecht (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Christina Y. Hampton (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), Andreas Hartmann (PNSensor (Germany)), Günter Hauser (Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics), H. Hirsemann (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), P. Holl (PNSensor (Germany)), James M. Holton (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Light Source), Mark S. Hunter (Arizona State University), Wolfgang Kabsch (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research), Nils Kimmel (Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics), Richard A. Kirian (Arizona State University), Mengning Liang (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Filipe R. N. C. Maia (Uppsala University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Anton Meinhart (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research), Stefano Marchesini (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Light Source), Andrew V. Martin (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Karol Nass (Universität Hamburg), Christian Reich (PNSensor (Germany)), Joachim Schulz (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Marvin M. Seibert (Uppsala University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), Raymond G. Sierra (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), Heike Soltau (PNSensor (Germany)), John C. H. Spence (Arizona State University), Jan Steinbrener (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Francesco Stellato (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Stephan Stern (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Nicuşor Tı̂mneanu (Uppsala University), Xiaoyu Wang (Arizona State University), G. Weidenspointner (Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics), Uwe Weierstall (Arizona State University), Thomas A. White (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), C. Wunderer (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), Henry N. Chapman (Universität Hamburg, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY), J. Ullrich (Max Planck Society, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Lothar Strüder (Max Planck Society, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Ilme Schlichting (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science)
Résumé : X-ray free-electron lasers deliver intense femtosecond pulses that promise to yield high resolution diffraction data of nanocrystals before the destruction of the sample by radiation damage. Diffraction intensities of lysozyme nanocrystals collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source using 2 keV photons were used for structure determination by molecular replacement and analyzed for radiation damage as a function of pulse length and fluence. Signatures of radiation damage are observed for pulses as short as 70 fs. Parametric scaling used in conventional crystallography does not account for the observed effects.