Exécution de notre outil de synthèse sur un nouvel article

Résumé : Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) can mediate remarkable response in a subset of patients associated with dynamic change of the immune signature not only in the tumor but also in peripheral blood. Baseline gut microbiome diversity has been shown to correlate with response to CPIs, but it is unclear whether the gut microbiome changes during the course of treatment. Methods: We analyzed sequential fecal samples from five patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, collected before and during treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on the 10 samples. Clinical response in individual patients was derived from iRECIST criteria. Results: Of the five patients, three were responders to anti-PD-1 therapy and two were non-responders. Responders had median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 535 days; non-responders had median PFS of 108 days and OS of 129.5 days. Baseline gut microbiome composition was similar between responders and non-responders. While the gut microbiome composition remained stable overall during treatment (R2 = 0.145), responders showed statistically significant increase in microbiome diversity during anti-PD-1 therapy compared with non-responders (p = 0.0274). Within the diverse microbiota, three microbial genera were found to have a statistically significant change in abundance post-treatment. Conclusion: In summary, we have identified a trend towards increased change in gut microbiome diversity in anti-PD-1 responders. Our study provides rationale for further investigation to test the utility of gut microbiome as a non-invasive biomarker to predict response to CPIs for a wide variety of malignancies in larger prospective studies.