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Older Age and Illness Duration Predict Poor Response to Platelet Transfusion in Adult Dengue
David Chien Lye (National University of Singapore), ADEPT Study Group (National University of Singapore), Sophia Archuleta, ADEPT Study Group, Sharifah Faridah Syed Omar, ADEPT Study Group, Jenny Guek Hong Low, ADEPT Study Group, Han Boon Oh, ADEPT Study Group, Yuan Wei, ADEPT Study Group, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, ADEPT Study Group, Yee‐Sin Leo, ADEPT Study Group
Résumé : Background. We conducted an open-label, randomized clinical trial of prophylactic platelet transfusion (PPT) in adult dengue patients with severe thrombocytopenia of ≤20 × 103/µL. We identified a subset of patients who had poor platelet responses to PPT and characterized them. Methods. Prophylactically transfused patients on study day 1, who required a second platelet transfusion to maintain a platelet count above 20 × 103/µL (poor responders) were compared to those not requiring further platelet transfusion (good responders). We assessed baseline demographics, comorbidities, dengue severity and clinical illness for predictors of poor response and compared clinical outcomes between poor and good responders. Results. Among 182 patients with confirmed dengue given PPT, 46 (25.3%) were poor responders. The median platelet increment (×103/µL) at 1, 12 and 24 hours post-transfusion for poor responders was 9 (interquartile range [IQR], 4 to 11), 2 (IQR, −3 to 8) and 2 (IQR, −2.5 to 9) versus good responders 19 (IQR, 12 to 28), 16.5 (IQR, 9 to 28) and 26 (IQR, 15 to 41) respectively. At baseline, poor and good responders were similar in gender, comorbidities, warning signs, dengue hemorrhagic fever and severe dengue. Poor responders were older (mean age 48.9 versus 42.7 years, p = 0.009) and had shorter illness duration (mean 4.8 versus 5.3 days, p = 0.018) than good responders. Adjusting for confounders, significant predictors of poor response were age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.06, p = 0.009) and duration of illness (adjusted OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.94, p = 0.018). Poor responders had an increased risk of clinical bleeding (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.58-7.04, p = 0.002) and longer hospitalization (median length-of-stay 5 versus 4 days; difference in median = 1; 95% CI 0.00-1.25, p = 0.001). The two groups did not differ significantly in outcomes of developing severe dengue with complications, severe bleeding, intensive care admission or death. Conclusion. Older patients with dengue who developed severe thrombocytopenia early in the course of their illness were more likely to have poor responses to prophylactic platelet transfusion. Clinicians should carefully monitor these patients for bleeding and ensure adequate blood product support. Disclosures. All authors: No reported disclosures.