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Résumé : Considering the preceding empirical evidence, should (West) African governments be working to sustain the marketplace institution? What will be the arguments for sustaining an economic institution that undeniably delivers demonstrable negative impacts on the environment of urban transport? As the majorly off-peak travel preference of traders reflects and reinforces the effects of differently-structured economic and social systems in these areas, should this key urban economic institution constitute the basis for a meaningful framework for reimagining urban policy and development in (West) Africa? Moreover, does the existence of a resilient predominant non-formal economic business regime that produces unfamiliar and what others describe as “irregular” urban travel structure in these areas justify the initiation and institutionalization of different approaches to transport planning and urban development? To achieve such a transformation, should governments recognize and elevate the marketplace to a ‘city within a city’ status to address the resulting paradox of the marketplace in urban development? In so doing, the residents of these unofficial (business) cities formed by traders in large urban marketplaces will be considered equivalent to households in the official city whose peak-hour and familiar travel behavior have so far formed the basis for traditional urban transportation planning.