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Résumé : Strong time periodic driving represents a powerful tool for engineering tunable many-body quantum states. Such Floquet engineering must avoid thermalization toward a delocalized infinite-temperature phase and thus relies on the existence of a localized prethermal regime. However, the understanding of Floquet prethermalization remains incomplete. We report experiments on a many-body Floquet system consisting of ultracold atoms in an amplitude-modulated optical lattice. A double quench protocol enables measurement of an inverse participation ratio (IPR) quantifying the degree of localization in the prethermal regime. We demonstrate control of prethermalization by tuning of integrability-breaking interactions. Following the time evolution of the driven system, we observe the sequential formation of two localized prethermal plateaux, characterized by different degrees of localization, as well as interaction-driven delocalization. The experimental control and quantitative characterization of Floquet prethermalization opens new possibilities for dynamical quantum engineering.