Search Results for « Internal Bar Strength »

The value of the bottom quark mass at M_Z in the DR-bar scheme is an important input for the analysis of supersymmetric models with a large value of tan(beta). Conventionally, however, the running bottom quark mass extracted from experimental data is quoted in the MS-bar scheme at the bottom mass scale. We describe a two loop procedure for the conversion of the bottom quark mass from MS-bar to DR-bar scheme. The Particle Data Group value m_b(m_b) = 4.2 \pm 0.2 GeV in the MS-bar scheme corresponds to a range of 2.65-3.03 GeV for m_b(M_Z) in the DR-bar scheme.

This report aims to investigate the effectiveness of using internal bar strength (IBS) as a key indicator for trading country exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The study uses a quantitative approach to analyze historical price data for a bucket of country ETFs over a period of 10 years and uses the idea of Mean Reversion to create a profitable trading strategy. Our findings suggest that IBS can be a useful technical indicator for predicting short-term price movements in this basket of ETFs.

In movement and training sciences, the effects of vibration treatments on acute muscle performance are popular research topics. In this study, the effects of acute whole body vibration (WBV) and flexi-bar training on isokinetic shoulder internal and external rotation strength were investigated in high performance group female handball players. Four different training protocols were applied to the study conducted with 16 healthy adult female handball players (age: 21.31 ± 1.45; mass: 69.47 ± 28.21). Participants took a modified push-up position and participated in bench press force treatments on a non-vibrated and vibrated (30 Hz 4 mm, 50 Hz 4 mm) surface. In addition, the participants performed the same movement form in a sitting position using a flexi bar. To determine the effects of four different protocols (30 sec × 6 sets with 30 sec rest) isolating the lower extremities on the shoulder rotator cuff muscle muscles, the strength of the shoulder rotator cuff muscles was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of – 60 and 180°/s before and immediately after the treatment. Findings showed that 30 Hz WBV treatment decreased mean force in shoulder internal rotation muscles (p = 0.043), while 50 Hz WBV decreased maximum torque and mean force (p = 0.022, p = 0.026). Flexi-bar exercises were found to negatively affect the maximum torque (p = 0.007), work per repetition (p = 0.006) and mean strength (p = 0.004) values of the shoulder external rotation muscles. As a result, it was observed that WBV (30 Hz and 50 Hz 4 mm) and flexi-bar treatmnets caused a significant decrease in the strength of the internal rotator muscles, and WBV treatmnets had a statistically more significant effect on the external rotator muscles than the flexi-bar application.

Using hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the physical properties of gaseous substructures in barred galaxies and their relationships with the bar strength. The gaseous medium is assumed to be isothermal and unmagnetized. The bar potential is modeled as a Ferrers prolate with index n. To explore situations with differing bar strength, we vary the bar mass fbar relative to the spheroidal component as well as its aspect ratio. We derive expressions as functions of fbar and the aspect ratio for the bar strength Qb and the radius r(Qb) where the maximum bar torque occurs. When applied to observations, these expressions suggest that bars in real galaxies are most likely to have fbar=0.25-0.5 and n<1. Dust lanes approximately follow one of x1-orbits and tend to be more straight under a stronger and more elongated bar, but are insensitive to the presence of self-gravity. A nuclear ring of a conventional x2 type forms only when the bar is not so massive or elongated. The radius of an x2-type ring is generally smaller than the inner Lindblad resonance, decreases systematically with increasing Qb, and slightly larger when self-gravity is included. This evidences that the ring position is not determined by the resonance but by the amount of angular momentum loss at dust-lane shocks. Nuclear spirals exist only when the ring is of the x2-type and sufficiently large in size. Unlike the other features, nuclear spirals are transient in that they start out as being tightly-wound and weak, and then due to the nonlinear effect unwind and become stronger until turning into shocks, with an unwinding rate higher for larger Qb. The mass inflow rate to the galaxy center is found to be less than 0.01 Msun/yr for models with Qb<0.2, while becoming larger than 0.1 Msun/yr when Qb>0.2 and self-gravity is included.

The torsional behavior of twelve concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) specimens was experimentally investigated. CFST specimens were reinforced by internal cross-rods with different spacing (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250) mm, different thicknesses of the steel tube (1.5 and 2) mm, and a compressive strength of 65 MPa (high strength concrete). Each sample was tested, and the results were examined. According to the results, the infill concrete prevented buckling failure in CFST specimens. The steel tube and concrete worked together since cutting steel tubes caused diagonal cracks in the infill concrete of CFST specimens. The results also showed that the CFST's torsional moment capacity increased due to the concrete infill, further aiding the steel tubes' performance. Internal stiffening in the steel tubes and concrete infill improved the failure mode, mechanical properties, and CFST specimens’ behavior under torsion.

We present a calculation of jet activity associated with pair production of top quarks at hadron colliders and supercolliders. Our approach is based upon a merger of $2\rightarrow 3$ matrix elements with initial and final state parton showers. We tabulate expected multi-jet rates in $t\bar t$ events, and compare with ${\cal O}(α_s^3 )$ matrix element results and parton showers based upon $2\rightarrow 2$ subprocesses. The merged calculation includes the correct matrix element for the first leg of the parton shower, but also includes the effects of approximate all-orders quark and gluon emission. We also evaluate expected jet activity in top pair events at hadron supercolliders; in particular, a comparison of the jet activity in the far forward region is made. It is found that the merged calculation yields more jet activity in the forward region than pure matrix element estimates, but also more jet activity in the central region. This can be important for background calculations to $H\rightarrow WW$ and strong $WW$ scattering processes.

Fatigue failure is the most common failure mode of boring bar in the deep-hole boring processing system. For solving the problem of fatigue failure on boring bar, the new fatigue strength criterion of boring bar is proposed considering the working state including internal and external cutting fluid vortex, linear crack of the across-section, and the maximum bending - torsion coupled stress of boring bar. Firstly, approximate calculation formula of the maximum bending stress was derived considering internal and external cutting fluid coupled effect induced vortex motion. Secondly, near the region of crack tip, the maximum shearing stress was studied when the failure modes of boring bar was considered to linear crack on its cross-section. Finally, the new fatigue strength criterion was established based on bending-torsion combination alternating stress fatigue strength theory. An example calculation in practice showed that if fatigue strength of boring bar is satisfied to the new fatigue strength criterion, its static strength must be satisfied. The new fatigue strength criterion can be used in analyzing the boring bar’s fatigue strength on both complicated working conditions and also single working conditions. The mechanism of failure and destruction of boring bar on BTA deep hole drilling in generally actual working conditions were studied in this paper which are helpful to promote the service life cycle of boring bar in practice. Some rules are also derived to assess the dynamic performance of working boring bar, which structure parameters will be selected reasonably according to it.

ISAJET is a Monte Carlo program which simulates $pp, \bar pp$ and $e^+e^-$ interactions at high energies. This document summarizes the physics underlying the program and describes how to use it. New features of Version 7.40 include generation of $W+H$ and $Z+H$ events, non-minimal GMSB models, and use of the experimental $α_s(M_Z)$ by default.

A new type of square concrete-filled steel tubular (SCFST) column is proposed, which is characterized by transverse stiffened bars inside the steel tube to improve the effective constraint performance of the concrete core. The experiment of this kind of composite material under axial compression was carried out. The results showed that the bearing capacity of the SCFST column reinforced by internal transverse stiffened bars increased by 4.5%-15% than that of the ordinary SCFST column. The transverse strain is smaller than the SCFST column. As the diameter of the reinforcement increases and decreases the spacing of bars, the axial load bearing capacity increased. The transverse strain of the member decreased obviously. It is noted that the confinement performance of the concrete core of this type was improved to some extent. At the same time, based on the unified theory, the simplified calculation formula of axial compression bearing capacity is derived.