Search Results for « Chemotaxis »

Abstract Bacterial swimming alternates between straight runs for several seconds and tumbles into random directions. Chemotactic bacteria remember nutrient sensing history, change tumble frequency to move toward nutrients. A question that has not been addressed is the significance of the nutrition gain and multiplication of bacterial population with chemotaxis mechanism. To quantify these effects, we introduce a microsimulation model, which seamlessly integrates detailed observations and assumptions about single bacterial tumbles, noisy sensing and nutrient uptake for studying up to a few millions of them in a population. We use the model to simulate absorption of nutrients from lysis and agar plates. Contrary to an intuitive feeling that chemotaxis could be useful under nutrient starvation, we see a significant effect only under nutrient rich conditions where bacteria with chemotaxis outgrow their non-chemotactic counterparts by hundreds of times. The model offers the flexibility to study the consequences of newer assumptions, and experimental conditions. Author Summary Chemotaxis is a mechanism that helps bacteria navigate towards nutrients. Several aspects of the mechanism have been well studied over the past 50 years. As most bacterial mechanisms are helpful evolutionarily to survive and to multiply, it would be a natural question to ask how much this swim helps bacteria to gain nutrition and consequently to multiply. However to our knowledge this question has not been asked. We develop a model that integrates bacterial motion, with sensing and nutrient uptake and show that only under nutrient rich conditions this mechanism helps.

Bacteriophages (“phage”) are viruses that prey on bacteria in diverse environments, from biological tissues to soils. In many of these environments, bacterial hosts are constantly migrating, yet how bacterial migration is influenced by phage predation remains poorly understood. Using transparent granular hydrogels that mimic natural habitats, we directly visualize populations of motile Escherichia coli encountering lytic T4 phage. Unexpectedly, we find that even in phage-rich environments, bacteria successfully form chemotactic fronts that enable them to migrate over large distances without needing to develop phage resistance. Higher phage concentrations delay front formation but not steady-state front speed or shape. By combining our experiments with biophysical modeling, we demonstrate that this phenomenon arises from the ability of cells to collectively outrun trailing phage bursts—as quantified by a dimensionless “escape parameter” comparing chemotactic and predation rates. This work thus reveals and provides mechanistic insight into the role of cell motility in shaping phage-bacteria interactions in spatially-extended environments.