# Formation, stability, and highly nonlinear optical response of excitons to intense light fields interacting with two-dimensional materials

**Authors:** Eduardo B. Molinero, Bruno Amorim, Mikhail Malakhov, Giovanni Cistaro, Álvaro Jiménez-Galán, Misha Ivanov, Antonio Picón, Pablo San-José, Rui E. F. Silva  
**arXiv:** [2307.16647](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.16647)  
**Date:** 2023-07-31  
**Summary page:** https://www.summarizepaper.com/fr/paper/2307.16647v1/

## Abstract

Excitons play a key role in the linear optical response of 2D materials. However, their significance in the highly nonlinear optical response to intense mid-infrared light has often been overlooked. Using hBN as a prototypical example, we theoretically demonstrate that excitons play a major role in this process. Specifically, we illustrate their formation and stability in intense low-frequency fields, where field strengths surpass the Coulomb field binding the electron-hole pair in the exciton. Additionally, we establish a parallelism between these results and the already-known physics of Rydberg states using an atomic model. Finally, we propose an experimental setup to test the effect of excitons in the nonlinear optical response