The ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST Survey: The Fast Metal Enrichment of Massive Galaxies at z~5
Authors: Andreas L. Faisst, Lun-Jun Liu, Yohan Dubois, Omima Osman, Andrea Pallottini, Livia Vallini, Seiji Fujimoto, Bahram Mobasher, Wuji Wang, Yu-Heng Lin, Ricardo O. Amorín, Manuel Aravena, R. J. Assef, Andrew J. Battisti, Matthieu Béthermin, Médéric Boquien, Paolo Cassata, Elisabete da Cunha, Poulomi Dam, Gabriella de Lucia, Ilse De Looze, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Andrea Ferrara, Kyle Finner, Fabio Fontanot, Michele Ginolfi, Diego A. Gómez-Espinoza, Carlotta Gruppioni, Nicol Gutiérrez-Vera, Ali Hadi, Rodrigo Herrera-Camus, Michaela Hirschmann, Eduardo Ibar, Hanae Inami, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Anton M. Koekemoer, Mahsa Kohandel, Lilian L. Lee, Yuan Li, Juan Molina, Ambra Nanni, Desika Narayanan, Francesca Pozzi, Monica Relano, Michael Romano, David B. Sanders, John D. Silverman, Laura Sommovigo, Justin Spilker, Akiyoshi Tsujita, Hannah Übler, Keerthi Vasan G. C., Enrico Veraldi, Vincente Villanueva, Lizhi Xie, Gianni Zamorani
Abstract: We present the stellar mass-metallicity relation (MZR) and mass-metallicity-star formation relation ("fundamental metallicity relation"; FMR) of 18 massive (log(M/M$_\odot$) = 9.5-11) main-sequence galaxies at z~5 from the ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST sample. This sample complements recent studies by JWST at up to two orders of magnitude lower stellar masses. The metallicities are derived using strong optical lines, and verified by temperature-based oxygen abundance measurements for five galaxies for which faint auroral lines are detected. We find little evolution at the massive end of the MZR between z~5 and cosmic noon at z~2, suggesting a fast metal enrichment at early times. The FMR at z=5 exhibits a 5x larger scatter (preferentially to lower metallicities) compared the local FMR relation. This scatter can be explained by a bursty star formation and the direct build-up of metals in early galaxies as well as differences in age and outflow efficiencies. Capitalizing on all available samples, we find that the observed MZR and FMR over three orders of stellar mass is generally in good agreement with results from cosmological simulation, although some underestimate the metal enrichment at low stellar masses. This may be due to too efficient metal-rich outflows. We show that the ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST galaxies likely joined the current FMR at z~10 and will evolve into massive (log(M/M$_\odot$)~11.4) galaxies with super-solar metallicities by z=0.
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