New $μ$ Forces From $ν_μ$ Sources

Abstract: Accelerator-based experiments reliant on charged pion and kaon decays to produce muon-neutrino beams also deliver an associated powerful flux of muons. Therefore, these experiments can additionally be sensitive to light new particles that preferentially couple to muons and decay to visible final states on macroscopic length scales. Such particles are produced through rare 3-body meson decays in the decay pipe or via muon scattering in the beam dump, and decay in a downstream detector. To demonstrate the potential of this search strategy, we recast existing MiniBooNE and MicroBooNE studies of neutral pion production in neutrino-induced neutral-current scattering ($\nu_\mu N \to \nu_\mu N \pi^0,~\pi^0\rightarrow \gamma\gamma$) to place new leading limits on light ($< 2m_\mu$) muon-philic scalar particles that decay to diphotons through loops of virtual muons. Our results exclude scalars of mass between 10 and 60 MeV in which this scenario resolves the muon $g-2$ anomaly. We also make projections for the sensitivity of SBND to these models and provide a road map for future neutrino experiments to perform dedicated searches for muon-philic forces.