# Anyonic statistics and slow quasiparticle dynamics in a graphene fractional quantum Hall interferometer

**Authors:** Noah L. Samuelson, Liam A. Cohen, Will Wang, Simon Blanch, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Michael P. Zaletel, Andrea F. Young  
**arXiv:** [2403.19628](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.19628)  
**Date:** 2024-03-28  
**Summary page:** https://www.summarizepaper.com/en/paper/2403.19628v1/

## Key points

- Researchers investigated anyonic statistics and slow quasiparticle dynamics in a monolayer graphene fractional quantum Hall interferometer at $\nu$ = 1/3.
- Anyons, two-dimensional particles with fractional exchange statistics, were found to be elementary excitations of fractional quantum Hall phases.
- The experimental setup involved an edge-state Fabry-P\'erot interferometer geometry where localized anyons in the bulk contributed a phase to the interference pattern.
- Phase slips with magnitudes approximately equal to $2 \pi / 3$ were predominant, confirming previous findings and aligning with expectations for tunneling of Abelian anyons into the interferometer bulk.
- Single anyon tunneling events manifested as instantaneous and irreversible phase slips, indicating quasiparticle equilibration times exceeding 20 minutes in some cases.

## Summary

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In this study, researchers investigate the behavior of anyonic statistics and slow quasiparticle dynamics in a monolayer graphene fractional quantum Hall interferometer operating at $\nu$ = 1/3. Anyons, which are two-dimensional particles with fractional exchange statistics, emerge as elementary excitations of fractional quantum Hall phases. The experimental setup involves an edge-state Fabry-P\'erot interferometer geometry where the presence of localized anyons in the interferometer bulk contributes a phase to the observed interference pattern. The researchers report a measurement of this phase, denoted as $\theta_a$, and find a predominance of phase slips with magnitudes approximately equal to $2 \pi / 3$. These results confirm previous findings in GaAs quantum wells and align with expectations for the tunneling of Abelian anyons into the interferometer bulk. Interestingly, single anyon tunneling events manifest as instantaneous and irreversible phase slips, indicating quasiparticle equilibration times exceeding 20 minutes in some instances. By leveraging the discrepancy between quasiparticle equilibration rates and measurement speeds, the researchers were able to independently vary the interferometer area and number of localized anyons ($N_{qp}$), enabling precise determination of the interferometer phase. Moreover, by monitoring individual anyon entry and exit from the interferometer loop in real-time, this study brings anyon dynamics into an experimental regime previously unexplored. The findings suggest that mesoscopic quantum Hall devices can maintain a constant average 'topological charge' over extended hour-long timescales. Overall, this work not only replicates previous interferometric measurements sensitive to $\theta_a$ but also sheds light on the intricate interplay between anyonic statistics and quasiparticle dynamics in graphene-based systems.